Effect of Interactive Video-Based Self-Management Education in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT07374744 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: AİBÜ-SBF-IOB-2026
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive video-based self-management education program for adults with type 2 diabetes. The education program is designed to support individuals in managing their daily diabetes care and improving their blood glucose control. Participants in this study will be adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are receiving outpatient care. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive an interactive video-based education program developed according to the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors framework. The videos are based on real-life scenarios and encourage active participation and decision-making. Participants in the control group will receive standard diabetes care. The study will assess changes in blood glucose control, diabetes self-management behaviors, and empowerment levels over the study period. Data will be collected using clinical measurements and questionnaires. Participation in this study is voluntary. The results of this study may contribute to improving diabetes education practices and supporting patient-centered care in clinical settings.

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes; Outpatient

Keywords

type 2 diabetes mellitus; self management; video recording; education; nursing; empowerment; quality of life

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• The Comprehensive Diabetes Self-Management Scale (CDSMS)

  CDSMS is a patient-centered instrument developed to assess self-management behaviors in individuals with diabetes. The scale evaluates key domains of diabetes self-care, including healthy eating, physical activity, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, problem-solving, risk reduction, and healthy coping with stress.The CDSMS consists of 14 items (26 questions) with scores ranging from 0 to 4.The total score reflects overall diabetes self-management ability. The scale has demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.70-.73) and has been validated for use in the Turkish population. Higher CDSMS scores are associated with better glycemic control, as indicated by HbA1c levels. In the ROC analysis, HbA1c ≤6.50 indicated good glycemic control and \>6.50 poor control. Scores below 21 were associated with poor glycemic control. The total CDSMS score is the sum of the seven domain scores and ranges from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating better self-management.

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Hba1c

  HbA1c will be used to assess glycemic control. Predefined HbA1c thresholds will be applied for descriptive and interpretive purposes, with lower values indicating better glycemic control and higher values indicating poorer control.

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES)

  The Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) is a validated and reliable self-report scale developed to assess the levels of psychosocial empowerment and self-efficacy in individuals with diabetes regarding diabetes management. The scale consists of three sub-dimensions: management of psychosocial aspects of diabetes, level of dissatisfaction and readiness for change, and setting and achieving diabetes goals. Items are scored from 1 to 5, and sub-dimension and total scores are calculated by averaging the relevant items. Each sub-dimension and total score ranges from 1 to 5. Lower scores indicate lower levels of psychosocial competence and empowerment related to diabetes, while higher scores indicate higher levels of empowerment.

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Estimated average glucose (ADAG)

  Glycemic control will be evaluated using estimated average glucose (ADAG), which represents mean blood glucose over the previous 2-3 months and is calculated from HbA1c using the formula: ADAG (mg/dL) = (28.7 × HbA1c) - 46.7.

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

  Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) will be used to assess glycemic control and is defined as the plasma glucose concentration measured after at least 8 hours of overnight fasting.

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• SF-12 Health Survey (Secondary Outcome)

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

Other Outcomes (3)

• Other outcomes- Blood pressure

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Other outcomes- Body weight

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

• Other outcomes- Waist circumference

  Baseline (prior to intervention) and at 3-month follow-up

Study Arms (2)

Standard Nursing Care

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Behavioral: Standard Nursing Care

Interactive video training

EXPERIMENTAL

Behavioral: Interactive video training; Behavioral: Standard Nursing Care

Interventions

Interactive video training BEHAVIORAL

The intervention is designed to promote active learning through decision-making, question-answer interactions, and scenario-based navigation within the video content. The education program is based on the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors framework and covers healthy coping, healthy eating, physical activity, medication use, monitoring, risk reduction, and problem-solving. Videos are structured around real-life scenarios, performed by an actor portraying a patient, and each video lasts approximately 5-10 minutes. Participants will access the web-based videos via their personal smartphones and will be given one month to complete all content, with unlimited viewing allowed. Engagement will be monitored weekly, and reminders will be provided if no viewing occurs for one week. Interactive elements include embedded questions, feedback videos, and informational prompts. Participant satisfaction will be assessed at the 3-month follow-up.

Also known as: Interactive video education

Interactive video training

Standard Nursing Care BEHAVIORAL

Standard nursing care is routinely provided at the outpatient clinic by a diabetes nurse educator in accordance with established institutional clinical protocols and educational practices. This care consists of face-to-face verbal education delivered during routine follow-up visits. Educational content generally includes core components of diabetes management, such as treatment approaches, self-monitoring of blood glucose, nutrition planning, physical activity recommendations, prevention of acute complications-particularly hypoglycemia-and daily self-care practices. Follow-up visits typically involve reviewing blood glucose records, assessing clinical status, and reinforcing self-management behaviors based on individual needs.

Interactive video training; Standard Nursing Care

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Aged between 18 and 65 years (Mumcu \& İnkaya, 2022).
• Able to read, write, understand, and speak Turkish.
• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year (Onyia et al., 2023; Shahshahani et al., 2023).
• Receiving oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin therapy (Mikhael et al., 2019).
• Having an HbA1c level \>7% in at least one measurement within the last 3 months (Hu et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2020; Asmat et al., 2023; TEMD, 2024).
• Volunteering to participate in the study.
• Owning a personal device (e.g., smartphone) capable of playing interactive videos.
• Having the ability to use a smartphone capable of playing interactive videos, which will be assessed by observing the participant using an interactive video -not related to the study intervention.
• Owning a smartphone with an active internet data plan.
• Being able to attend scheduled follow-up visits at the frequency required for study measurements.
• Having a body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m² (Lee et al., 2022).
• Not following a vegan or vegetarian diet (Dening et al., 2023).
• Having hemoglobin levels within normal ranges (women: 12-16 g/dL; men: 14-18 g/dL) (Billett, 1990).

You may not qualify if:

• Having previously received video-based diabetes education.
• Currently using or having previously used a video-based tool or program supporting type 2 diabetes management.
• Having severe visual, auditory, cognitive impairments, or physical disabilities that may interfere with participation.
• Being hospitalized as an inpatient during the intervention period.
• Being pregnant, planning pregnancy within the next 6 months, or becoming pregnant during the study.
• Breastfeeding during the study period (due to potential dietary restrictions).
• Using any weight-loss medication or supportive pharmacological agent.
• Having a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia or being diagnosed during the study period (TEMD, 2024, p.18; Eyth et al., 2025).
• Receiving hemodialysis, having experienced recent bleeding or blood transfusion, or receiving erythropoietin therapy (TEMD, 2024, p.18; Eyth et al., 2025).
• Having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia).
• Participating in another diabetes-related intervention or program during the study period.
• Using an insulin pump (Lee et al., 2022).
• Managing diabetes with nutrition therapy alone without pharmacological treatment.
• Following a diet prescribed and supervised by a dietitian due to another medical condition or surgical procedure.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Abant Izzet Baysal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Yalova

Yalova, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Empowerment

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Social Behavior; Behavior

Central Study Contacts

Saadet Can Cicek, Associate Professor

CONTACT

+903742534520; saadet.cancicek@ibu.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: This study uses a single-blind design. Due to the nature of the intervention, the researcher delivering the intervention cannot be blinded. However, participants will not be informed whether they are assigned to the intervention or control group during data collection. To ensure blinding during data analysis, all study data will be coded using non-identifiable group labels (e.g., Group A/B or Group 1/2). The coded dataset will be provided to an independent statistician, who will be blinded to group allocation during statistical analysis and reporting. This approach is intended to minimize bias and ensure objectivity in outcome evaluation.
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate professor

Model Details: This study is designed as a parallel-group, single-blind, randomized controlled interventional trial. Eligible adults with type 2 diabetes will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. Block randomization with a fixed block size of six will be used to ensure balanced group allocation throughout the study period. The randomization sequence will be generated using a computer-based random number system by an independent individual who is not involved in participant recruitment, intervention delivery, or outcome assessment.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 9, 2026
• First Posted: January 29, 2026
• Study Start (Estimated): August 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): November 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): November 30, 2026
• Last Updated: January 29, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Locations

TU (1)