Catatonic Syndrome in Adult Patients at Basurto Hospital: A Descriptive Study of Incidence, Comorbidity, and Short-Term Outcomes

NCT07315386 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: HUB271125
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to assess the incidence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment response, and short-term outcomes of adult patients with catatonic syndrome in the Bilbao area (Spain). Data will be collected from January 2024 to December 2025 from all patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with catatonia of any etiology at Basurto University Hospital who provide informed consent to participate.

Conditions

Catatonia

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Annual incidence of catatonic syndrome

  Annual incidence of catatonic syndrome in the adult hospital catchment population, defined as the number of new cases of catatonia diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria at Basurto University Hospital during the study period, divided by the reference population of the Bilbao area and expressed as cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Diagnosis will be supported by systematic clinical assessment and severity quantification using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale.

  From 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 years or older who are attended at Basurto University Hospital, a general university hospital providing secondary-level care to the Bilbao area (Spain), and who are diagnosed with catatonic syndrome during routine hospital care. Eligible participants include patients evaluated in any clinical setting, including the Emergency Department and inpatient medical or psychiatric units. Catatonia is diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and supported by systematic clinical assessment and severity quantification using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale. Patients with catatonia of any etiology are included, reflecting an unselected adult hospital population.

You may qualify if:

• Age ≥ 18 years at the time of hospital care.
• Diagnosis of catatonic syndrome established according to DSM-5 criteria.
• Patients attended at Basurto University Hospital in any clinical setting, including the Emergency Department or inpatient physical or psychiatric units.
• Diagnosis made during the study period, from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025.
• Catatonia of any etiology, including psychiatric, neurological, medical, metabolic, toxic, or autoimmune causes.
• Provision of informed consent by the patient or their legal representative, when clinically feasible; deferred consent accepted in cases of acute catatonia.

You may not qualify if:

• Refusal to participate in the study by the patient or their legal representative.
• Withdrawal of informed consent at any point during the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Beatriz Rodriguez Cabo: lead

Study Sites (1)

Beatriz Rodriguez Cabo

Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain

RECRUITING

Related Publications (30)

• Cuevas-Esteban J, Serrat F, Iglesias-Gonzalez M, Motta N, Jimenez-Fernandez B, Vila-Badia R, Colomer-Salvans A, Serra-Arumi C, Cacho ND, Corbella-Sotil A, Butjosa A, Pardo M; PROFEP Group; Usall J. Catatonia in first-episode psychosis: prevalence and psychopathological association. BJPsych Open. 2025 Sep 23;11(5):e220. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2025.10834.

  PMID: 40985102 BACKGROUND

• Cuevas-Esteban J, Iglesias-Gonzalez M, Rubio-Valera M, Serra-Mestres J, Serrano-Blanco A, Baladon L. Prevalence and characteristics of catatonia on admission to an acute geriatric psychiatry ward. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Aug 1;78:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.013. Epub 2017 May 19.

  PMID: 28533149 BACKGROUND

• Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Motor features in psychotic disorders. II. Development of diagnostic criteria for catatonia. Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 1;47(2-3):117-26. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00035-9.

  PMID: 11278128 BACKGROUND

• Smith JR, Lim S, Bindra S, Marler S, Rajah B, Williams ZJ, Baldwin I, Hossain N, Wilson JE, Fuchs DC, Luccarelli J. Longitudinal Symptom Burden and Pharmacologic Management of Catatonia in Autism With Intellectual Disability: An Observational Study. Autism Res. 2025 Feb;18(2):449-462. doi: 10.1002/aur.3315. Epub 2025 Jan 27.

  PMID: 39866085 BACKGROUND

• Ramirez-Bermudez J, Medina-Gutierrez A, Gomez-Cianca H, Arias P, Perez-Gonzalez A, Lebrija-Reyes PA, Espinola-Nadurille M, Aguilar-Venegas LC, Ojeda-Lopez C, Restrepo-Martinez M, Bayliss L, Juarez-Jaramillo CA, Penaloza G, Rivas-Alonso V, Flores-Rivera J, Gomez-Amador JL, Rios C, Sachdev PS. Clinical Significance of Delirium With Catatonic Signs in Patients With Neurological Disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022 Spring;34(2):132-140. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18120364. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

  PMID: 35040665 BACKGROUND

• Rogers JP, Pollak TA, Begum N, Griffin A, Carter B, Pritchard M, Broadbent M, Kolliakou A, Ke J, Stewart R, Patel R, Bomford A, Amad A, Zandi MS, Lewis G, Nicholson TR, David AS. Catatonia: demographic, clinical and laboratory associations. Psychol Med. 2023 Apr;53(6):2492-2502. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721004402. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

  PMID: 35135642 BACKGROUND

• Luccarelli J, Kalinich M, Fricchione G, Smith F, Beach SR, Smith JR. Diagnostic and demographic factors of pediatric and adult catatonia hospitalizations: A 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2024 Oct;150(4):234-244. doi: 10.1111/acps.13744. Epub 2024 Aug 8.

  PMID: 39118275 BACKGROUND

• Funayama M, Koreki A, Takata T, Kurose S. Catatonia, bedridden status, choking, water intoxication, and suicide are involved in deaths of schizophrenia inpatients. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Jun;51:102054. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102054. Epub 2020 Apr 8. No abstract available.

  PMID: 32283511 BACKGROUND

• Funayama M, Takata T, Koreki A, Ogino S, Mimura M. Catatonic Stupor in Schizophrenic Disorders and Subsequent Medical Complications and Mortality. Psychosom Med. 2018 May;80(4):370-376. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000574.

  PMID: 29521882 BACKGROUND

• Jaimes-Albornoz W, Serra-Mestres J. Prevalence and clinical correlations of catatonia in older adults referred to a liaison psychiatry service in a general hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 Sep-Oct;35(5):512-6. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.009. Epub 2013 May 15.

  PMID: 23684045 BACKGROUND

• Pelzer AC, van der Heijden FM, den Boer E. Systematic review of catatonia treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Jan 17;14:317-326. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S147897. eCollection 2018.

  PMID: 29398916 BACKGROUND

• Hirjak D, Fricchione G, Wolf RC, Northoff G. Lorazepam in catatonia - Past, present and future of a clinical success story. Schizophr Res. 2024 Jan;263:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.015. Epub 2023 Feb 18.

  PMID: 36805317 BACKGROUND

• Cuevas-Esteban J, Serrat F, Baladon L, Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Díez-Quevedo C, Iglesias- González M. Factor analysis and validation of the Bush Francis catatonia rating scale-Spain version. The European Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. 2023 Oct 1 [cited 2023 Nov 20];37(4):100221. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213616323000344

  BACKGROUND

• Bush G, Fink M, Petrides G, Dowling F, Francis A. Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996 Feb;93(2):129-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x.

  PMID: 8686483 BACKGROUND

• Luccarelli J, Kalinich M, Rogers JP, Donovan AL, Smith FA, Beach SR, Smith JR. Emergency Department Presentations for Catatonia: A 2019-2021 National Emergency Department Sample Study. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry. 2025 Sep-Oct;66(5):380-388. doi: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2025.08.006. Epub 2025 Aug 8.

  PMID: 40784551 BACKGROUND

• Wilson JE, Niu K, Nicolson SE, Levine SZ, Heckers S. The diagnostic criteria and structure of catatonia. Schizophr Res. 2015 May;164(1-3):256-62. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.036. Epub 2015 Jan 13.

  PMID: 25595653 BACKGROUND

• Subramaniyam BA, Muliyala KP, Hari Hara S, Kumar Reddi VS. Prevalence of catatonic signs and symptoms in an acute psychiatric unit from a tertiary psychiatric center in India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Aug;44:13-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 5.

  PMID: 31302436 BACKGROUND

• Idrees MB, Elmahdi AM, Alharbi HY, Adam I. Catatonia in an acute adult inpatient population in mental health units in Khartoum, Sudan: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 19;15(3):102529. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.102529. eCollection 2025 Mar 19.

  PMID: 40109984 BACKGROUND

• Luccarelli J, Smith JR, Kalinich M, Amad A, Rogers JP. The Population-Based Incidence and Prevalence of Catatonia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Spring;37(2):160-162. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240072. Epub 2025 Jan 10.

  PMID: 39789943 BACKGROUND

• Beach SR, Luccarelli J, Praschan N, Fusunyan M, Fricchione GL. Molecular and immunological origins of catatonia. Schizophr Res. 2024 Jan;263:169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.013. Epub 2023 Mar 23.

  PMID: 36966063 BACKGROUND

• Walther S, Stegmayer K, Wilson JE, Heckers S. Structure and neural mechanisms of catatonia. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Jul;6(7):610-619. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30474-7. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

  PMID: 31196794 BACKGROUND

• Moyal M, Iftimovici A, Ghoul W, Plaze M, Chaumette B. Genetics of catatonia: a systematic review of case reports and a gene pathway analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2025 May 22;68(1):e72. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.2458.

  PMID: 40400398 BACKGROUND

• Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, Dessain SK, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Lynch DR. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Dec;7(12):1091-8. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. Epub 2008 Oct 11.

  PMID: 18851928 BACKGROUND

• Rogers JP, Pollak TA, Blackman G, David AS. Catatonia and the immune system: a review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Jul;6(7):620-630. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30190-7. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

  PMID: 31196793 BACKGROUND

• Luccarelli J, Kalinich M, McCoy TH Jr, Fernandez-Robles C, Fricchione G, Smith F, Beach SR. The occurrence of catatonia diagnosis in acute care hospitals in the United States: A national inpatient sample analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2022 Jul-Aug;77:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.05.006. Epub 2022 May 24.

  PMID: 35660679 BACKGROUND

• World Health, Organization (WHO). International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11

  BACKGROUND

• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) [Internet]. 5th edn. 2013 [cited 2025 June 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

  BACKGROUND

• Emil Kraepelin. Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch. 6th ed. 6th edn. Leipzig, Germany: J. A. Barth; 1899.

  BACKGROUND

• Kahlbaum KL. Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein: eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit. Leipzig: Hirschwald; 1874.

  BACKGROUND

• Rogers JP, Oldham MA, Fricchione G, Northoff G, Ellen Wilson J, Mann SC, Francis A, Wieck A, Elizabeth Wachtel L, Lewis G, Grover S, Hirjak D, Ahuja N, Zandi MS, Young AH, Fone K, Andrews S, Kessler D, Saifee T, Gee S, Baldwin DS, David AS. Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2023 Apr;37(4):327-369. doi: 10.1177/02698811231158232. Epub 2023 Apr 11.

  PMID: 37039129 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Catatonia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Central Study Contacts

Beatriz Rodriguez-Cabo, Professor

CONTACT

+34944006066; beatriz.rodriguez@ehu.eus

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 18, 2025
• First Posted: January 2, 2026
• Study Start: January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion: December 31, 2025
• Study Completion: December 31, 2025
• Last Updated: January 2, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-12

Locations

ES (1)