Patient-Specific 3D Action Observation Training in Parkinson's Disease

NCT07250672 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: AIBU-FTR-BENLI-009
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 24
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Although studies exist demonstrating the effects of single-session action observation training on bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease, research investigating the long-term application of such training remains limited. Furthermore, the broader literature indicates that action observation training has typically been conducted in simulated environments or by using recordings obtained from healthy individuals. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of action observation training, delivered in a fully immersive virtual reality environment using each patient's own 3D motion recordings, on bradykinesia and other disease-related parameters.

Conditions

Parkinson Disease; Virtual Reality; Action Obervation Training; Immersive Virtual Reality; 3d Recording

Keywords

Parkinson; Virtual reality

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Spontaneous Movement Rate (SMR

  In this study, kinematic parameters of finger movements will be determined from video recordings. A commercial motion analysis software will be used to extract the coordinates of manually marked tracking points, which will then be transferred into tabular form for analysis. To improve the accuracy of marking and tracking, participants will wear fingertip gloves in different colors.The spontaneous movement rate will be calculated from video-recorded finger-tapping tasks. Each cycle consists of a touch duration (TD) and an inter-tapping interval (ITI). SMR will be defined as the inverse of the total duration of one tapping cycle (TD + ITI) and expressed in Hertz (Hz).

  At baseline and after completion of 6-week intervention period

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)

  At baseline and after completion of 6-week intervention period

• Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT)

  At baseline and after completion of 6-week intervention period

• Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)

  At baseline and after completion of 6-week intervention period

• Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8)

  At baseline and after completion of 6-week intervention period

• Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)

  After completion of 6-week intervention period

Study Arms (2)

Patient-Specific VR Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will undergo action observation training delivered in immersive virtual reality using their own 3D motion recordings.

Other: Patient-Specific VR Action Observation Training

Healthy-Model VR Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will undergo action observation training delivered in immersive virtual reality using 3D recordings obtained from healthy individuals performing the same actions.

Other: Healthy-Model VR Action Observation Training

Interventions

Patient-Specific VR Action Observation Training OTHER

Participants will receive immersive VR action observation training using their own 3D motion recordings captured with an Insta360 camera (Arashi Vision Inc., Shenzhen, China). In Parkinson's patients, only the initial movement sequences without bradykinetic slowing will be selected, and these will be extended to the desired duration using loop playback or ping-pong loop playback in the device's proprietary software. The action observation protocol will consist of the following one-minute tasks: (1) total finger abduction and adduction, (2) fist making and opening, (3) wrist flexion and extension, (4) forearm pronation and supination, and (5) rhythmic striking of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of one hand against the palm of the other. A 1-minute rest will be given between each video. Training will be provided in addition to conventional therapy (35 minutes, 3 days per week for 6 weeks) tailored to individual needs.

Patient-Specific VR Group

Healthy-Model VR Action Observation Training OTHER

Participants will receive immersive VR action observation training using 3D video recordings of the same activities performed by healthy individuals, captured with an Insta360 camera (Arashi Vision Inc., Shenzhen, China). Recordings will not require editing or adjustments. The action observation protocol will consist of the same one-minute tasks: (1) total finger abduction and adduction, (2) fist making and opening, (3) wrist flexion and extension, (4) forearm pronation and supination, and (5) rhythmic striking of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of one hand against the palm of the other. A 1-minute rest will be given between each video. Training will be provided in addition to conventional therapy (35 minutes, 3 days per week for 6 weeks) tailored to individual needs.

Healthy-Model VR Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 50 Years - 85 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Voluntary agreement to participate in the study
• Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease confirmed by a neurologist
• Ongoing treatment with antiparkinsonian medication
• Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage ≤ 3
• Ability to walk independently

You may not qualify if:

• Presence of additional neurological disorders other than Parkinson's disease
• Change in medication dosage within the past month
• Score of ≥ 10 on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire
• Presence of amblyopia, strabismus, or pathologies impairing focus, depth perception, or normal 3D vision
• Failure on the butterfly test of the Titmus stereotest (greater than 3,552 seconds of arc)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Abant Izzet Baysal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Health Science

Bolu, Bolu, 14100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Parkinson Disease

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Parkinsonian Disorders; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Movement Disorders; Synucleinopathies; Neurodegenerative Diseases

Central Study Contacts

Enes T Benli, Ph.D

CONTACT

+905387359268; enestayyipbenli@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Only the outcome assessor will be masked to group allocation.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Model Details: This study will use a randomized, parallel-group, interventional design.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 2, 2025
• First Posted: November 26, 2025
• Study Start: December 15, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 15, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 15, 2027
• Last Updated: November 26, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)