NCT06942598

Brief Summary

Food insecurity affects up to 30% of pregnancies and leads to worse health in pregnant people and their children, including an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-term birth, and future cardiometabolic chronic conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes and obesity). Interventions are being utilized to address food insecurity in clinical care settings, but patients differ in the support needed to reduce food insecurity and health systems have limited resources to invest in these interventions. Rather than a single intervention, adaptively allocating interventions could be a more effective, equitable, and efficient approach to improve food security; the objectives of this pilot study are to determine the feasibility of recruiting, retaining, and adaptively providing food insecurity interventions to pregnant patients in anticipation of a large, definitive trial in the future.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
60

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable

Timeline
9mo left

Started Jun 2025

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress55%
Jun 2025Feb 2027

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 9, 2025

Completed
15 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 24, 2025

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

June 17, 2025

Completed
1.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 1, 2026

Expected
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

February 1, 2027

Last Updated

March 3, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

1.4 years

First QC Date

April 9, 2025

Last Update Submit

February 27, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women/Infants/ChildrenMedically tailored mealsFruits and vegetables

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

  • Feasibility of recruitment - Proportion of eligible patients who enroll

    Proportion of eligible patients who enroll in the study based on study logs

    Baseline

  • Feasibility of retention - Proportion of eligible participants

    The proportion of eligible participants who complete 3-month and 6-month follow-up data collection based on study log

    Month 6

  • Feasibility of re-randomization - Proportion of eligible participants

    The proportion of eligible participants who are re-randomized to a stage 2 intervention based on study log.

    Month 3

  • Food insecurity Scores

    Survey participants using the validated 10-item USDA Adult FSSM, with a 30-day look back period. The tool measures food security over the prior 30 days. Using the standardized scoring provided by the USDA to assess participants responses. This produces a raw score that ranges from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating worse FI. High Food Security: Raw score of 0. Marginal Food Security: Raw score of 1-2. Low Food Security: Raw score of 3-5. Very Low Food Security: Raw score of 6-1

    Month 6

Secondary Outcomes (10)

  • Incidence of Gestational diabetes

    Month 6

  • Gestational weight gain

    Post-delivery

  • Incidence of Pre-eclampsia

    Post-delivery

  • Number of Community resources uses

    month 6

  • Infant birth weight at the time of delivery

    Baseline

  • +5 more secondary outcomes

Other Outcomes (5)

  • Food expenditures

    Month 6

  • Fruit and vegetable intake

    Month 6

  • Depressive symptoms Scores

    Month 6

  • +2 more other outcomes

Study Arms (4)

Electronic Health Record (EHR) referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants randomized to this intervention will be referred to their county WIC program through an already developed electronic referral process. To enable WIC offices to receive referrals and easily communicate with healthcare teams, our EHR also offers a community provider-facing, read-only EHR version. We have already successfully provided WIC staff with access and training for our ongoing WIC screening and referral pilot in pediatrics.

Behavioral: Electronic health record WIC referral

Electronic Health Record (EHR) referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC) + care navigation

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive the same intervention as the electronic WIC referral. In addition, a patient care navigator will meet with the participant at enrollment to discuss any anticipated barriers to accessing WIC. The purpose of the visit is to build rapport and trust and to identify any social and structural barriers to enrolling in WIC. The navigator will also contact participants at 2 weeks to discuss any additional barriers reported and as necessary after the baseline visit. Specific counseling will be tailored based on individual's needs, for example difficulty with paperwork. The navigator will also assess any additional community resources to assist the participant with FI (e.g., local food pantries).

Behavioral: Electronic health record WIC referral + care navigation

Produce prescriptions

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants randomized to this arm will receive $10 worth of produce delivered to their home weekly. Participants will receive a weekly delivery of produce for 3 months.

Behavioral: Produce prescription

Medically tailored meals

EXPERIMENTAL

Medically tailored meals will be delivered weekly to participant's homes for 3 months. During the 3 months, participants will receive 10 medically-tailored refrigerated or frozen meals (5 lunches and 5 dinners) delivered to their home weekly. All meals are planned by a registered dietician. Meals have minimal preparation time, can be heated by stove, oven, or microwave, and will be provided free-of-charge. Because the meals are medically tailored, participants are asked not to share them. Adherence to meals and food sharing will be measured using food consumption diaries.

Behavioral: Medically tailored meals

Interventions

Participants randomized to this intervention will be referred to their county WIC program through an already developed electronic referral process. To enable WIC offices to receive referrals and easily communicate with healthcare teams, our EHR also offers a community provider-facing, read-only EHR version. We have already successfully provided WIC staff with access and training for our ongoing WIC screening and referral pilot in pediatrics.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Participants will receive the same intervention as the electronic WIC referral. In addition, a patient care navigator will meet with the participant at enrollment to discuss any anticipated barriers to accessing WIC. The purpose of the visit is to build rapport and trust and to identify any social and structural barriers to enrolling in WIC. The navigator will also contact participants at 2 weeks to discuss any additional barriers reported and as necessary after the baseline visit. Specific counseling will be tailored based on individual's needs, for example difficulty with paperwork. The navigator will also assess any additional community resources to assist the participant with FI (e.g., local food pantries).

Electronic Health Record (EHR) referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC) + care navigation

Medically tailored meals will be delivered weekly to participant's homes for 3 months. During the 3 months, participants will receive 10 medically-tailored refrigerated or frozen meals (5 lunches and 5 dinners) delivered to their home weekly. All meals are planned by a registered dietician. Meals have minimal preparation time, can be heated by stove, oven, or microwave, and will be provided free-of-charge. Because the meals are medically tailored, participants are asked not to share them. Adherence to meals and food sharing will be measured using food consumption diaries

Medically tailored meals

Participants randomized to this arm will receive $10 worth of produce delivered to their home weekly. Participants will receive a weekly delivery of produce for 3 months.

Produce prescriptions

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexfemale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility DetailsConfirmed viable pregnancy
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • ≥18 years of age
  • Confirmed viable pregnancy by their obstetrician or midwife based on urine pregnancy test and ultrasound
  • Experience Food Insecurity (FI) based on the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign
  • Speaks English or Spanish
  • Not currently enrolled in WIC
  • First trimester at the time of the initial prenatal visit

You may not qualify if:

  • Planning on moving out of the area within 6 months
  • Severe cognitive impairment or major psychiatric illness that prevents consent or serious medical condition which either limits life expectancy or requires active management (e.g., certain cancers)
  • Lack safe, stable residence or the ability to store the medically tailored meals (MTM)
  • Lack of a telephone
  • Severe food allergy or require a specialized diet (e.g., Celiac)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (1)

  • Palakshappa D, Stone RJ, Ramirez B, White SE, Rigdon J, Bundy R, Eagleton SG, Caudill N, Martin H, Grundseth M, Best S, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Lewis KH, Montez K. Feasibility of an ADAPTive intervention to improve food security and Maternal-Child Health (ADAPT-MCH): Protocol for a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Nov;158:108086. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.108086. Epub 2025 Sep 18.

Study Officials

  • Deepak Palakshappa, MD, MSHP

    Wake Forest University Health Sciences

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Deepak Palakshappa, MD, MSHP

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
Intervention Model
SEQUENTIAL
Model Details: Electronic Health Record (EHR) referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC) or EHR referral to WIC + care navigation
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 9, 2025

First Posted

April 24, 2025

Study Start

June 17, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

November 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 1, 2027

Last Updated

March 3, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

All of the individual participant data collected during the trial after deidentification

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
Time Frame
Immediately following publication - no end date
Access Criteria
anyone wishing access

Locations