Effectiveness of Chocolate Milk in Recovery Among Highly Trained Kayakers: A Metabolic and Inflammatory Perspectives

NCT06935058 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Kayakers 2025
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Kayaking requires high energy expenditure and optimal metabolic adaptation for performance and recovery. While research on other sports exists, the effects of chocolate milk on kayakers' recovery remain unexplored. Intensive kayaking induces physical stress, necessitating precise energy balance monitoring. This study evaluates metabolic and inflammatory markers, including glucose, glycogen, insulin, creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6), ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, peripheral blood morphology, and blood gas parameters to assess fatigue and recovery. Chocolate milk, with its ideal carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, supports glycogen replenishment, muscle repair, hydration, and oxidative stress reduction. Studies suggest it may outperform commercial sports drinks in endurance recovery by limiting muscle damage, inflammation, and improving acid-base balance. Findings will reveal whether chocolate milk enhances energy recovery, reduces muscle damage, and mitigates inflammation, contributing to endurance sports nutrition strategies

Conditions

Inflammatory Responses; Muscle Fatigue; Recovery Time; Hunger

Keywords

insulin; kayakers; grelin; glucose; glycogen; regeneration; fatigue

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (26)

• Changes from baseline in Glycogen level.

  Concentration of glycogen \[ng/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline Insulin level.

  Concentration of insulin \[μIU/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption..

• Changes from baseline Creatine kinase activity (CK) level.

  Concetration of CK \[ng/ml\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline interleukin-6 (Il-6) level.

  Concentration of Il-6 \[pg/mL\]. Immunoenzymatic assay method using a diagnostic ELISA Kit

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in lactic acid (LA) level.

  Concetration of LA \[mmol/l\]. Using a portable biochemical photometer Vario Photometer II (Diaglobal, Berlin, Germany) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Baseline Appetite Assessment of Athletes Before Exercise Test Using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

  The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measures subjective appetite sensations-linear scale from one to 10 where 10 is the strongest feeling.

  Day 1: At rest, after the exercise test.

• Changes from baseline in leptin (LEP) level.

  Satiety regulation marker. Concentration of leptin \[pg/ml\].ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.

  Day 1:At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in peptide YY (PYY) level.

  Satiety regulation marker. Concentration of leptin \[pg/ml\]. ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in ghrelin (GHRL) level.

  Hunger regulation marker. Concentration of GHRL \[pg/ml\].ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions.

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - urea nitrogen (BUN) level.

  Concentration of BUN \[ml/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - anion gap (AGAP) level.

  Concentration of AGAP \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - excess base in extracellular fluid (BE ecf) level.

  Concentration of Be ecf \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - sodium (Na) level.

  Concentration of Na \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - calcium (Ca) level.

  Concentration of Ca \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - potassium (K) level

  Concentration of K \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - chlorine (Cl) level.

  Concentration of Cl \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - bicarbonate level (cHCO3).

  Concentration of cHCO3 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - total plasma CO2 (tCO2) level.

  Concentration of tCO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)

  Concentration of pCO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - partial pressure of oxygen (pO2)

  Concentration of pO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance -total blood saturation (cSO2) level.

  Concentration of cSO2 \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - urea level.

  Concentration of urea \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1:At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - crea level.

  Concentration of crea \[mg/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - hematocrit [hct] level.

  Concentration of hct \[%\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - hemoglobin [chgb] level.

  Concentration of chgb \[mmol/l\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

• Changes from baseline in acid-base balance - glucose [glu] level.

  Concentration of glu \[mg/dl\]. Using the portable blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyzer (epoc®) (capillary blood from the ear lobe).

  Day 1: At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 1-hour post-consumption.

Secondary Outcomes (12)

• Antropometric characteristic - height

  Day 1 after overall fast

• Antropometric characteristic - weight

  Day 1 after overall fast

• Antropometric characteristic - LBM

  Day 1 after overall fast

• Antropometric characteristic - TBW

  Day 1 after overall fast

• Antropometric characteristic - Water%

  Day 1 after overall fast

Study Arms (2)

Chocolade milk arm

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will consume 400 ml of chocolate milk after exercise.

Other: Chocolade milk

Control arm

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Participants will consume 400 ml of water after exercise.

Other: Water (Placebo)

Interventions

Chocolade milk OTHER

Participants will drink 400 ml of chocolate milk after exercise.

Chocolade milk arm

Water (Placebo) OTHER

Participants will drink 400 ml of water after exercise.

Control arm

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 14 Years - 22 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Lack of consent for blood sampling,
• injuries, health issues,
• anti-inflammatory drugs,
• performance-enhancing substances,
• supplements within the last 3 months before the start of the study.

You may not qualify if:

• consent to participate in the study,
• regular training regimen,
• current medical examinations,
• no health contraindications.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Poznan University of Physical Education: lead

Study Sites (1)

Poznań University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski

Gorzów Wielkopolski, Polska, 66-400, Poland

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Insulin Resistance; Fatigue

Interventions

Water

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hyperinsulinism; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hydroxides; Alkalies; Inorganic Chemicals; Anions; Ions; Electrolytes; Oxides; Oxygen Compounds

Study Officials

• Anna B Kasperska

  Poznan University of Physical Education

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: PhD

Model Details: Kayakers (both sexes), split into two groups: 1. experimental group (n=15, 400 ml of chocolate milk), 2. control group (n=15, 400 ml of water). Blood samples (capillary and venous) will be collected pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 1 hour post-consumption. All indicated parameters will be determined using the equipment of the biochemical laboratory of the University of Physical Education in Poznań, Branch in Gorzów Wielkopolski, and purchased commercial kits (immunoenzymatic ELISA tests). The analyses will be performed by the included project contractors.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 3, 2025
• First Posted: April 18, 2025
• Study Start: October 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 15, 2025
• Study Completion: November 15, 2025
• Last Updated: November 28, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-06

Locations

PL (1)