APPROVE Trial: Evaluating a Prescription Digital Therapeutic for Treatment of OAB in Women
APPROVE
The APPROVE Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of a Prescription Digital Therapeutic for Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Women
1 other identifier
interventional
596
1 country
10
Brief Summary
The APPROVE trial is a multi-centered, randomized controlled trial designed to assess differences in symptom improvement, quality of life, bladder symptoms, satisfaction with treatment and continued treatment efficacy in women with overactive bladder (OAB) randomized to a prescription digital therapeutic (PDTx) app called RiSolve compared to standard behavioral education (handouts).
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Mar 2025
Longer than P75 for not_applicable
10 active sites
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
January 22, 2025
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
January 28, 2025
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
March 17, 2025
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
July 1, 2026
ExpectedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
July 1, 2028
October 27, 2025
June 1, 2025
1.3 years
January 22, 2025
October 24, 2025
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
Overactive Bladder Questionnaire short-form (OAB-q SF)
The OAB-q SF is utilized to assess the impact of OAB symptoms on the patient's life,35 and has been shown to be responsive to reductions in urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence during anticholinergic therapy.3 The scale ranges from 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating worse symptom severity. The MID is defined as a change of 10 points
8 Weeks
Secondary Outcomes (13)
OAB-q SF Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL)
8 Weeks
Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S)
8 Weeks
Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I)
8 Weeks
3-Day Bladder Diary
8 Weeks
Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID)
8 Weeks
- +8 more secondary outcomes
Study Arms (2)
Intervention - RiSolve PDTx App
EXPERIMENTALParticipants randomized to intervention will be given access to the RiSolve PDTx app for 10 weeks after initial activation.
Control - Standard Therapy
ACTIVE COMPARATORParticipants randomized to the control will receive a brief explanation of behavioral therapy with details provided in the form educational handouts including the American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) "Overactive Bladder" and "Pelvic Floor Muscles and Bladder Training" Patient Fact Sheets.
Interventions
Participants randomized to intervention will be given access to the RiSolve PDTx app for 10 weeks after initial activation.
AUGS "Overactive Bladder" and "Pelvic Floor Muscles and Bladder Training" Patient Fact Sheets will be provided and reviewed.
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Women ≥ 22 years old
- Bothersome OAB symptoms (defined as bother rating ≥ 5 on ICIQ-FLUTS question #3b or #9b)
- English-speaking
- Willing to forego other treatment outside of medications for the 8-week trial period
- Use of at least one mobile App
You may not qualify if:
- Stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (defined as QUID stress score \> QUID urge score)
- Voiding dysfunction defined as response ≥ 2 on ICIQ-FLUTS question #7a
- Bladder pain defined as response ≥ 2 on ICIQ-FLUTS question #4a
- Use of an OAB medication (anticholinergic or beta-agonist) within the past two weeks
- Currently using intermittent or indwelling catheter
- History of bladder/urethral, colon/anal, or cervical cancer
- Current or prior use of sacral neuromodulation, tibial stimulation or onabotulinum toxin type A intradetrusor injection
- Currently taking antibiotics/drugs for urinary tract infection\^
- Currently undergoing or unwilling to forego pelvic floor physical therapy with a physical therapist or prescription device for the 8-week intervention period
- Planning surgery for pelvic organ prolapse within 12 months of randomization
- Pelvic surgery within the past 6 months
- Planning to undergo pessary fitting °
- Those on antibiotics for urinary tract infection will be eligible for enrollment 2 weeks after completing antibiotic therapy with subjective resolution of UTI symptoms °Will be eligible after completing pessary fitting
- https://researchdata.medstar.net/redcap/surveys/?s=MM7WN7EXACX4PNXJ
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
Study Sites (10)
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, 35249, United States
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States
MedStar Health
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010, United States
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
Curavit
Boston, Massachusetts, 02116, United States
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103, United States
Allegheny Health
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, United States
Medical University of South Carolina Health
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States
UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, United States
Related Publications (47)
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;115(5):1063-1070. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d9d421. No abstract available.
PMID: 20410783BACKGROUNDHarris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
PMID: 18929686BACKGROUNDRubin D. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1987.
BACKGROUNDHarris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O'Neal L, McLeod L, Delacqua G, Delacqua F, Kirby J, Duda SN; REDCap Consortium. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019 Jul;95:103208. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208. Epub 2019 May 9.
PMID: 31078660BACKGROUNDCoyne KS, Thompson CL, Lai JS, Sexton CC. An overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life short-form: validation of the OAB-q SF. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015 Mar;34(3):255-63. doi: 10.1002/nau.22559. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
PMID: 25783168BACKGROUNDBurkett LS, Siddique M, Zeymo A, Brunn EA, Gutman RE, Park AJ, Iglesia CB. Clobetasol Compared With Fractionated Carbon Dioxide Laser for Lichen Sclerosus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Jun 1;137(6):968-978. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004332.
PMID: 33957642BACKGROUNDStoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Wilson H. Development and Validation of the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2016 Jun 10;4(2):e72. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.5849.
PMID: 27287964BACKGROUNDDennerstein L, Lehert P, Dudley E. Short scale to measure female sexuality: adapted from McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire. J Sex Marital Ther. 2001 Jul-Sep;27(4):339-51. doi: 10.1080/009262301317081098.
PMID: 11441518BACKGROUNDWare J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996 Mar;34(3):220-33. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003.
PMID: 8628042BACKGROUNDBrookes ST, Donovan JL, Wright M, Jackson S, Abrams P. A scored form of the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire: data from a randomized controlled trial of surgery for women with stress incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jul;191(1):73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.12.027.
PMID: 15295345BACKGROUNDBradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi JM, Shea JA, Arya LA. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women: development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jan;192(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.037.
PMID: 15672005BACKGROUNDBradley CS, Rahn DD, Nygaard IE, Barber MD, Nager CW, Kenton KS, Siddiqui NY, Abel RB, Spino C, Richter HE. The questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID): validity and responsiveness to change in women undergoing non-surgical therapies for treatment of stress predominant urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Jun;29(5):727-34. doi: 10.1002/nau.20818.
PMID: 19787711BACKGROUNDYalcin I, Bump RC. Validation of two global impression questionnaires for incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;189(1):98-101. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.379.
PMID: 12861145BACKGROUNDCoyne K, Revicki D, Hunt T, Corey R, Stewart W, Bentkover J, Kurth H, Abrams P. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res. 2002 Sep;11(6):563-74. doi: 10.1023/a:1016370925601.
PMID: 12206577BACKGROUNDSanderson DJ, Zavez A, Meekins AR, Eddib A, Lee TG, Barber MD, Duecy E. The Patient Acceptable Symptom State in Female Urinary Incontinence. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2022 Jan 1;28(1):33-39. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001055.
PMID: 34009829BACKGROUNDFunada S, Watanabe N, Goto T, Negoro H, Akamatsu S, Uozumi R, Kishimoto S, Ichioka K, Segawa T, Furukawa TA, Ogawa O. Clinical feasibility and acceptability of adding cognitive behavioral therapy to pharmacotherapy for drug-resistant overactive bladder in women: A single-arm pilot study. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021 Jan;13(1):69-78. doi: 10.1111/luts.12333. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
PMID: 32618414BACKGROUNDPrice JR, Mitchell E, Tidy E, Hunot V. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;2008(3):CD001027. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001027.pub2.
PMID: 18646067BACKGROUNDLaird KT, Tanner-Smith EE, Russell AC, Hollon SD, Walker LS. Short-term and Long-term Efficacy of Psychological Therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jul;14(7):937-947.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.11.020. Epub 2015 Dec 22.
PMID: 26721342BACKGROUNDGlombiewski JA, Sawyer AT, Gutermann J, Koenig K, Rief W, Hofmann SG. Psychological treatments for fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis. Pain. 2010 Nov;151(2):280-295. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.011. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
PMID: 20727679BACKGROUNDLuo C, Sanger N, Singhal N, Pattrick K, Shams I, Shahid H, Hoang P, Schmidt J, Lee J, Haber S, Puckering M, Buchanan N, Lee P, Ng K, Sun S, Kheyson S, Chung DC, Sanger S, Thabane L, Samaan Z. A comparison of electronically-delivered and face to face cognitive behavioural therapies in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Jun 27;24:100442. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100442. eCollection 2020 Jul.
PMID: 32775969BACKGROUNDHanlon I, Hewitt C, Bell K, Phillips A, Mikocka-Walus A. Systematic review with meta-analysis: online psychological interventions for mental and physical health outcomes in gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Aug;48(3):244-259. doi: 10.1111/apt.14840. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
PMID: 29901820BACKGROUNDEtzelmueller A, Vis C, Karyotaki E, Baumeister H, Titov N, Berking M, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Ebert DD. Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care for Adults in Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Aug 31;22(8):e18100. doi: 10.2196/18100.
PMID: 32865497BACKGROUNDMelotti IGR, Juliato CRT, Tanaka M, Riccetto CLZ. Severe depression and anxiety in women with overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Jan;37(1):223-228. doi: 10.1002/nau.23277. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
PMID: 28407347BACKGROUNDMelotti IGR, Juliato CRT, Coelho SCA, Lima M, Riccetto CLZ. Is There Any Difference Between Depression and Anxiety in Overactive Bladder According to Sex? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int Neurourol J. 2017 Sep;21(3):204-211. doi: 10.5213/inj.1734890.445. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
PMID: 28954462BACKGROUNDLai HH, Shen B, Rawal A, Vetter J. The relationship between depression and overactive bladder/urinary incontinence symptoms in the clinical OAB population. BMC Urol. 2016 Oct 6;16(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s12894-016-0179-x.
PMID: 27716241BACKGROUNDHarvey J, Finney S, Stewart L, Gillespie J. The relationship between cognition and sensation in determining when and where to void: the concept of cognitive voiding. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1756-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11078.x. Epub 2012 May 29.
PMID: 22642959BACKGROUNDSooknarine C, Farrell S, Sarma S, Salameh F, Burke N, Staunton B, Carr E, Sexton K, Agnew G, Downey A, D'Arcy F, Cundiff GW. Pilot Study of a Digital Behavioral Therapy for Overactive Bladder in Women. Urogynecology (Phila). 2024 Dec 1;30(12):956-961. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000001499. Epub 2024 May 7.
PMID: 38465995BACKGROUNDLightner DJ, Gomelsky A, Souter L, Vasavada SP. Diagnosis and Treatment of Overactive Bladder (Non-Neurogenic) in Adults: AUA/SUFU Guideline Amendment 2019. J Urol. 2019 Sep;202(3):558-563. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000309. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
PMID: 31039103BACKGROUNDHaylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798.
PMID: 19941278BACKGROUNDGormley EA, Lightner DJ, Faraday M, Vasavada SP; American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015 May;193(5):1572-80. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.087. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
PMID: 25623739BACKGROUNDOlivera CK, Meriwether K, El-Nashar S, Grimes CL, Chen CC, Orejuela F, Antosh D, Gleason J, Kim-Fine S, Wheeler T, McFadden B, Balk EM, Murphy M; Systematic Review Group for the Society of Gynecological Surgeons. Nonantimuscarinic treatment for overactive bladder: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;215(1):34-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.156. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
PMID: 26851599BACKGROUNDHu TW, Wagner TH, Bentkover JD, Leblanc K, Zhou SZ, Hunt T. Costs of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in the United States: a comparative study. Urology. 2004 Mar;63(3):461-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.037.
PMID: 15028438BACKGROUNDChermansky CJ, Chancellor MB. Increasing awareness and improving the care of urinary incontinence: highlights from the world health organization 2nd international consultation on incontinence july 1-4, 2001, paris, france. Rev Urol. 2003 Winter;5(1):22-5. No abstract available.
PMID: 16985613BACKGROUNDWadensten T, Nystrom E, Nord A, Lindam A, Sjostrom M, Samuelsson E. App-based self-management of urgency and mixed urinary incontinence in women: One-year follow-up. Neurourol Urodyn. 2022 Apr;41(4):945-954. doi: 10.1002/nau.24898. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
PMID: 35266189BACKGROUNDLiberman JN, Hunt TL, Stewart WF, Wein A, Zhou Z, Herzog AR, Lipton RB, Diokno AC. Health-related quality of life among adults with symptoms of overactive bladder: results from a U.S. community-based survey. Urology. 2001 Jun;57(6):1044-50. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)00986-4.
PMID: 11377301BACKGROUNDStewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, Hunt TL, Wein AJ. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol. 2003 May;20(6):327-36. doi: 10.1007/s00345-002-0301-4. Epub 2002 Nov 15.
PMID: 12811491BACKGROUNDShamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TJ. Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Dec;(161):1-379.
PMID: 18457475BACKGROUNDHagglund D, Walker-Engstrom ML, Larsson G, Leppert J. Quality of life and seeking help in women with urinary incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Nov;80(11):1051-5.
PMID: 11703207BACKGROUNDCoyne KS, Zhou Z, Thompson C, Versi E. The impact on health-related quality of life of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence. BJU Int. 2003 Nov;92(7):731-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04463.x.
PMID: 14616456BACKGROUNDCoyne KS, Sexton CC, Irwin DE, Kopp ZS, Kelleher CJ, Milsom I. The impact of overactive bladder, incontinence and other lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life, work productivity, sexuality and emotional well-being in men and women: results from the EPIC study. BJU Int. 2008 Jun;101(11):1388-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07601.x.
PMID: 18454794BACKGROUNDChiaffarino F, Parazzini F, Lavezzari M, Giambanco V; Gruppo Interdisciplinare di Studio Incontinenza Urinaria (GISIU). Impact of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder on quality of life. Eur Urol. 2003 May;43(5):535-8. doi: 10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00097-6.
PMID: 12705999BACKGROUNDAbrams P, Kelleher CJ, Kerr LA, Rogers RG. Overactive bladder significantly affects quality of life. Am J Manag Care. 2000 Jul;6(11 Suppl):S580-90.
PMID: 11183901BACKGROUNDCoyne KS, Matza LS, Thompson CL, Kopp ZS, Khullar V. Determining the importance of change in the overactive bladder questionnaire. J Urol. 2006 Aug;176(2):627-32; discussion 632. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.088.
PMID: 16813906BACKGROUNDMatza LS, Thompson CL, Krasnow J, Brewster-Jordan J, Zyczynski T, Coyne KS. Test-retest reliability of four questionnaires for patients with overactive bladder: the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q), patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC), urgency questionnaire (UQ), and the primary OAB symptom questionnaire (POSQ). Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24(3):215-25. doi: 10.1002/nau.20110.
PMID: 15747340BACKGROUNDCoyne KS, Matza LS, Thompson CL. The responsiveness of the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q). Qual Life Res. 2005 Apr;14(3):849-55. doi: 10.1007/s11136-004-0706-1.
PMID: 16022077BACKGROUNDWu EQ, Birnbaum H, Marynchenko M, Mareva M, Williamson T, Mallett D. Employees with overactive bladder: work loss burden. J Occup Environ Med. 2005 May;47(5):439-46. doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000161744.21780.c1.
PMID: 15891521BACKGROUNDDmochowski RR, Newman DK. Impact of overactive bladder on women in the United States: results of a national survey. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jan;23(1):65-76. doi: 10.1185/030079907X159533.
PMID: 17257467BACKGROUND
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Central Study Contacts
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- NONE
- Purpose
- TREATMENT
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- SPONSOR
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
January 22, 2025
First Posted
January 28, 2025
Study Start
March 17, 2025
Primary Completion (Estimated)
July 1, 2026
Study Completion (Estimated)
July 1, 2028
Last Updated
October 27, 2025
Record last verified: 2025-06
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will not share
Participant data will be collected and analyzed as an aggregate for any results.