NCT05561829

Brief Summary

Previous research has shown the efficacy of (combinations of) individual components of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), namely sleep hygiene education, sleep restriction, stimulus control therapy, deactivation/relaxation training, and cognitive therapy. However, their relative effects, i.e., their effects in direct comparison with each other, are yet to be assessed. By means of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST), this study aims to investigate the components' relative efficacy in order to identify the most effective component or combination of components for digitized treatment of chronic insomnia. A future study will verify this intervention's effect in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
489

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Sep 2022

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 8, 2022

Completed
20 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 28, 2022

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 30, 2022

Completed
1.6 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 18, 2024

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 18, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

November 18, 2025

Status Verified

May 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

1.7 years

First QC Date

September 28, 2022

Last Update Submit

November 14, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Insomnia severity post-intervention

    Assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), with scores ranging from 0 to 28, where higher scores indicate higher insomnia severity, and a score equal to or above 10 indicates clinical significance.

    11 weeks after study entry (randomization)

  • Insomnia severity at 6 month follow-up

    Assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), with scores ranging from 0 to 28, where higher scores indicate higher insomnia severity, and a score equal to or above 10 indicates clinical significance.

    6 months (180 days) after post-questionnaire, approximately 8,5 months after study entry (randomization).

Secondary Outcomes (15)

  • Sleep diary outcomes post-intervention

    11 weeks after study entry (randomization)

  • Sleep diary outcomes at 6-month follow-up

    6 months (180 days) after post-questionnaire, approximately 8,5 months after study entry (randomization).

  • Sleep quality post-intervention

    11 weeks after study entry (randomization)

  • Sleep quality at 6-month follow-up

    6 months (180 days) after post-questionnaire, approximately 8,5 months after study entry (randomization).

  • Daytime fatigue post-intervention

    11 weeks after study entry (randomization)

  • +10 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (16)

Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep hygiene education (single intervention)

Behavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Cognitive Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of cognitive therapy only (single intervention)

Behavioral: Cognitive Therapy

Relaxation Training

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of relaxation training only (single intervention)

Behavioral: Relaxation Training

Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of relaxation training, cognitive therapy, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Cognitive TherapyBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Stimulus Control

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of stimulus control therapy only (single intervention)

Behavioral: Stimulus Control Therapy

Stimulus Control, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of stimulus control therapy, cognitive therapy, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Cognitive TherapyBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of stimulus control therapy, relaxation training, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of stimulus control therapy, relaxation training, and cognitive therapy (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Cognitive Therapy

Sleep Optimization

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization only (single intervention)

Behavioral: Sleep Optimization

Sleep Optimization, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, cognitive therapy, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Cognitive TherapyBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Sleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, relaxation training, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Sleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, relaxation training, and cognitive therapy (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Cognitive Therapy

Sleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, stimulus control therapy, and sleep hygiene education (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Sleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Cognitive Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, stimulus control therapy, and cognitive therapy (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Cognitive Therapy

Sleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, stimulus control therapy, and relaxation training (3 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Relaxation Training

Sleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep Hygiene

EXPERIMENTAL

Administration of sleep optimization, stimulus control therapy, relaxation training, cognitive therapy, and sleep hygiene education (5 interventions)

Behavioral: Sleep OptimizationBehavioral: Stimulus Control TherapyBehavioral: Relaxation TrainingBehavioral: Cognitive TherapyBehavioral: Sleep Hygiene Education

Interventions

Automated digital administration of a sleep optimization module via mobile or web application, lasting approximately six weeks. Based on the participant's situation and needs, sleep restriction, sleep compression, or circadian-rhythm normalization is advised and conducted. The aim is to optimise the participant's sleep efficiency.

Sleep OptimizationSleep Optimization, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation TrainingSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Sleep Hygiene

Automated digital administration of a stimulus control therapy module via mobile or web application, lasting approximately six weeks. The aim is to strengthen associations between sleep and the sleep environment and to eliminate conditioning of non-sleep behavior and the sleep environment.

Sleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation TrainingSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Sleep HygieneStimulus ControlStimulus Control, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive TherapyStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Sleep Hygiene

Automated digital administration of a relaxation training module via mobile or web application, lasting approximately six weeks. The aim is to reduce somatic tension and limit intrusive thought processes that interfere with sleep.

Relaxation TrainingRelaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation TrainingSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive TherapyStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Sleep Hygiene

Automated digital administration of a cognitive therapy module via mobile or web application, lasting approximately six weeks. The aim is to identify, challenge, and modify dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.

Cognitive TherapyRelaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Cognitive TherapySleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy

Automated digital administration of a sleep hygiene education module via mobile or web application, lasting approximately six weeks. The aim is to identify and modify environmental and lifestyle factors that may interfere with sleep.

Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Relaxation Training, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneSleep Optimization, Stimulus Control, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Cognitive Therapy, Sleep HygieneStimulus Control, Relaxation Training, Sleep Hygiene

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Adults (≥18 years)
  • Individuals who report moderate-to-severe insomnia symptoms (a score ≥10 on the Insomnia Severity Index, ISI)
  • Individuals with access to a smartphone or computer with internet connection
  • Individuals who report sufficient technological proficiency (e.g., ability to download apps)

You may not qualify if:

  • Children (\<18 years)
  • Individuals who report mild or no clinically relevant insomnia symptoms (a score \<10 on the ISI)
  • Individuals who have a shift-work schedule or are on maternity/paternity leave, if this impacts their sleep quality or amount of sleep
  • Individuals who are unable to read Danish
  • Individuals who report severe physical or psychological comorbidity with known effects on sleep (e.g., psychosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, COPD)
  • Individuals who report other diagnosed sleep or circadian rhythm disorders (e.g., sleep apnea, narcolepsy)
  • Individuals who have previously used the "Hvil®"-app

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Aarhus University

Aarhus, Central Jutland, 8000, Denmark

Location

Related Publications (48)

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    BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Interventions

Relaxation TherapyCognitive Behavioral Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Disorders, IntrinsicDyssomniasSleep Wake DisordersNervous System DiseasesMental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mind-Body TherapiesComplementary TherapiesTherapeuticsBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

  • Robert Zachariae, DMSc, MSc

    Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
FACTORIAL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 28, 2022

First Posted

September 30, 2022

Study Start

September 8, 2022

Primary Completion

May 18, 2024

Study Completion

May 18, 2024

Last Updated

November 18, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-05

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

All individual participant data collected during the study will be made available in an irreversibly anonymized form. However, only data of those participants can be shared who have explicitly given consent to this as part of their informed consent to study participation. This means that it may not be possible to share all data underlying a certain publication. Data will be shared exclusively for research purposes.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
Time Frame
No later than six months after publication, no end date.
Access Criteria
Data will be shared exclusively with other researchers and for research purposes only. Researchers requesting the data will have to provide a methodologically sound research proposal clarifying how the data will be used and for what purpose.

Locations