3D-MMAP
The Integration of Macroscopic and Microscopic Muscle Properties With Cell Modelling to Feature Altered Neuromuscular Behavior in Cerebral Palsy: 3D-Macroscopic Muscle Architecture in Cerebral Palsy
Sponsor study identifier
observational
229
1 country
1
Study Start
February 11, 2019
Actual (reported)Primary Completion
December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Study Completion
December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
A mixed longitudinal design study will be carried out to explore the onset and time course of morphological muscle changes on a macroscopic level in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Therefore, this project aims to (1) describe the macroscopic morphological muscle changes with increasing age and (2) evaluate the onset and development of muscle alterations in relation to the brain lesion (e.g., timing, extent and location), to the neuromuscular impairments and to treatment. Overall, this project will evaluate the macroscopic muscle properties by means of 3D freehand ultrasound (3DfUS).
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
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Dates and qualifiers reported by the registry. Estimated dates do not confirm that a milestone has occurred.
February 11, 2019
Actual (reported)August 18, 2021
Actual (reported)January 19, 2022
Actual (reported)December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Overall change in muscle volume of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle
Estimation of the muscle belly volume by 3DfUS. Muscle volume will be normalized to anthropometric growth.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Overall change in muscle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle.
Estimation of the muscle belly length, tendon length and muscle tendon unit complex length by 3DfUS. Muscle lengths will be normalized to anthropometric growth.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Overall change in muscle echo-intensity of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle.
Children between 6 months and 9 years old.
Children between 6 months and 9 years old.
Children between 1,5 years and 9 years.
Children with spastic cerebral palsy, who have routine follow-up care at the CP reference center of the University Hospitals Leuven, the rehabilitation centers of Pulderbos and/or Inkendaal
UZ Leuven
Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, 3000, Belgium
Mockford M, Caulton JM. The pathophysiological basis of weakness in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2010 Summer;22(2):222-33. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181dbaf96.
Theis N, Mohagheghi AA, Korff T. Mechanical and material properties of the plantarflexor muscles and Achilles tendon in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typically developing children. J Biomech. 2016 Sep 6;49(13):3004-3008. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.07.020. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Kaat Desloovere, Prof. dr.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
First Submitted
August 18, 2021
First Posted
January 19, 2022
Study Start
February 11, 2019
Actual (reported)Primary Completion
December 2026
EstimatedFeasibility Nutritional Supplements for Muscle Growth in CP
Estimation of the echo-intensity by 3DfUS.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Evaluation of the brain lesion based on MRI imaging
Estimation of the type, extend and location of the brain lesion by MRI imaging assessment tool (Fiori scale)
Once during the study participation of 2 years.
Overall change of range of motion of the ankle and knee joint
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Overall change of spasticity of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Overall change of muscle strength of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Overall change of muscle selectivity of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the semitendinosus muscle.
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Physiotherapy
Through a study participation of 2 years, with an evaluation moment every 6 months.
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Gough M, Shortland AP. Could muscle deformity in children with spastic cerebral palsy be related to an impairment of muscle growth and altered adaptation? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012 Jun;54(6):495-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04229.x. Epub 2012 Feb 27.
Mathewson MA, Lieber RL. Pathophysiology of muscle contractures in cerebral palsy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Feb;26(1):57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2014.09.005.
Sarnat HB. Cerebral dysgeneses and their influence on fetal muscle development. Brain Dev. 1986;8(5):495-9. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(86)80093-6.
Baldwin KM, Haddad F; New Collective Author. Effects of different activity and inactivity paradigms on myosin heavy chain gene expression in striated muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Jan;90(1):345-57. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.1.345.
Cenni F, Schless SH, Bar-On L, Aertbelien E, Bruyninckx H, Hanssen B, Desloovere K. Reliability of a clinical 3D freehand ultrasound technique: Analyses on healthy and pathological muscles. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2018 Mar;156:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.12.023. Epub 2017 Dec 22.
Haberfehlner H, Maas H, Harlaar J, Becher JG, Buizer AI, Jaspers RT. Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to assess semitendinosus muscle morphology. J Anat. 2016 Oct;229(4):591-9. doi: 10.1111/joa.12501. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
De Beukelaer N, Vandekerckhove I, Molenberghs G, Naulaers G, Thewissen L, Costamagna D, Van Campenhout A, Desloovere K, Ortibus E. Longitudinal trajectory of medial gastrocnemius muscle growth in the first years of life. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2024 Apr;66(4):531-540. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15763. Epub 2023 Oct 3.
De Beukelaer N, Vandekerckhove I, Huyghe E, Molenberghs G, Peeters N, Hanssen B, Ortibus E, Van Campenhout A, Desloovere K. Morphological Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Growth in Ambulant Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 16;12(4):1564. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041564.
De Beukelaer N, Weide G, Huyghe E, Vandekerckhove I, Hanssen B, Peeters N, Uytterhoeven J, Deschrevel J, Maes K, Corvelyn M, Costamagna D, Gayan-Ramirez G, Van Campenhout A, Desloovere K. Reduced Cross-Sectional Muscle Growth Six Months after Botulinum Toxin Type-A Injection in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Toxins (Basel). 2022 Feb 14;14(2):139. doi: 10.3390/toxins14020139.
Planned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Study Completion
December 2026
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Last Updated
February 12, 2026
Record last verified: 2025-10
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