Effects of Regular Activity on Physiology Between Recreational Athletes of Different Body Fatness

NCT05154422 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: RALOW
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 15
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The popularity of marathons and endurance events has increased over the last few decades and, interestingly, the demographics of participants have also changed. From 1980 to 2002 the average race time to complete the marathon lengthened from \~3.5 hours to \~4.5 hours. Likewise, many endurance races include "Clydesdale" and "Athena" divisions for heavier weight male and female runners, respectively. As such, there has been an increase of overweight and obese participants in these races. For example, one study consisting of 250 runners determined, according to BMI, that approximately 15% and 31% of the female and male participants, respectively, were classified as overweight, with 31% and 33% classified as obese. Therefore, many recreational endurance athletes are overweight despite their high level of activity. On one hand, these data are positive as regular exercise reduces cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in overweight and obese populations. Yet, it is well documented in sedentary obese individuals that excess adiposity can lead to disturbances in adipocyte lipolysis and altered substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, and can decrease muscle quality. However, it is unknown if overweight individuals that exercise regularly have disrupted fat metabolism, circulating hormones, or muscle quality. No study has directly determined if differences exist in fat metabolism, circulating hormones, and muscle quality between overweight recreational female athletes and their lean counterparts when training status is equivalent. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to determine if differences in pre and post-exercise fat metabolism, circulating insulin and growth hormone, and muscle quality exist between active overweight individuals compared to active lean individuals with similar training history and who have regularly trained for and participated in endurance events within the last few years.

Conditions

Obesity; Insulin Sensitivity

Keywords

Obesity; Muscle quality; Insulin Sensitivity; Lipolysis; Microdialysis; Endurance Training; Resistance Training; Exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Lipolysis

  Tested via microdialysis. Two probe inserted into the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to collect glycerol molecules (byproduct of lipolysis).

  Second experimental visit for a total of 6 hours

• Change in circulating insulin around an exercise bout

  Insulin will be collected via blood draws. Blood will be drawn immediately following metabolic testing for resting measurements, immediately after the bout of physical activity, and every hour for 120 minutes' post activity.

  Second experimental visit - Pre-exercise, Immediately post-exercise, and 120-minutes post-exercise

• Change in circulating growth hormone around an exercise bout

  Growth hormone Insulin will be collected via blood draws. Blood will be drawn immediately following

  Second experimental visit - Pre-exercise, Immediately post-exercise, and 120-minutes post-exercise

• Compositional Muscle Quality

  Intramuscular fat accumulation percentage will be measured and estimated using B-mode ultrasound echo intensity via histogram analysis and composition equations

  First experimental visit - 15 minutes

• Functional Muscle Quality

  Functional MQ is measured via force production (via Biodex) divided muscle size (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry).

  First experimental visit - 30 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Blood Sampling Analysis

  Second experimental visit - Pre-exercise, immediately after the resting metabolic measurements

Study Arms (2)

Normal body fat cohort

Determining the general amount of lipolysis, circulating insulin and growth hormone, and muscle quality of a group of recreational female endurance athletes with normal body fat determined by air displacement plethysmograph.

Excess body fat cohort

Determining the general amount of lipolysis, circulating insulin and growth hormone, and muscle quality of a group of recreational female endurance athletes with excess body fat determined by air displacement plethysmograph.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Fourteen active female endurance athletes (8 lower body fat, 6 higher body fat) will be recruited to participate in this study

You may qualify if:

• Female participants will be recruited for the study
• (BMI of \<29.9 kg/m2).
• Ages of 18 and 45 years old
• Weight stable (± 2 kg) for the last three months
• Regularly endurance training on most days of the week for at least one hour for the last two years
• Participants will be eumenorrheic and premenopausal

You may not qualify if:

• Resting blood pressure above 160 mmHg systolic or 100 mmHg diastolic
• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes; 3)
• Other medical problems in which exercise is contraindicated
• chronic infections
• Diagnoses, signs, or symptoms of cardiovascular disease
• Respiratory disease
• Musculoskeletal disease
• Musculoskeletal injuries in the last six months that would prevent them from engaging in endurance training.
• Pregnant or lactating and must have a
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Smoking
• Diagnosed eating disorders

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Florida State University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Institute of Sports Science and Medicine, Florida State University

Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Hyperinsulinism; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principle Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 26, 2021
• First Posted: December 13, 2021
• Study Start: October 23, 2020
• Primary Completion: April 16, 2021
• Study Completion: June 7, 2021
• Last Updated: December 13, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-11

Locations

US (1)