The Longitudinal Impact of SES and the CNDS on Recovery From SUD

NCT05103514 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: SES- Longitudinal Study
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 675
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

The goal of this study is to provide a scientific understanding of the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the recovery trajectory (psychosocial functioning, relapse/remission status, and neurocognitive mechanisms).

Conditions

Substance Use Disorders

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (10)

• Change in Socioeconomic Status (SES)- Individual Subjective SES

  Individual Subjective SES will be determined using the MacArthur Scale of subjective social status. Participants will be presented with two social ladders that have 10 steps each and asked to place themselves on the rung that best represent where they stand at this time in their life (1=lowest rung and 10= highest rung), relative to other people in (1) the United States and (2) their community. Higher scores on the 10-rung ladder indicate higher subjective SES.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Socioeconomic Status (SES)- Individual Objective SES

  Individual Objective SES will be measured using a composite that was developed by the US Department of Justice (i.e. National Crime Victimization Survey Index 1) that incorporates four main SES elements (i.e., income, education, employment status, and housing tenure measures). Specifically, the SES composite index includes two individual level characteristics: education (possible range: 0-3) and employment in the last 6 months (possible range: 0-1); and two household level characteristics: income as a percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL; possible range: 0-3) and housing tenure (possible range: 0-1). The final SES score (possible range: 0-8) is collapsed into three levels: low (total score of 0 to less than 3), middle (total score of 3 to less than 6), and upper (total score of 6-8) SES.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in CNDS functioning

  Delay Discounting (DD) task will be administered to assesses the value of delayed reinforcers. Participants make hypothetical choices between amounts of delayed and immediate money at various delays (e.g., 1 day to 25 years)

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Psychosocial Functioning- The Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI)

  The Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI) will be used to measure social functioning. The social behavior sub-scale will be calculated from 10 items of the PFI and included items that assess the frequency of problematic social behavior and social interactions in the past 90 days. The psychosocial functioning scale yields a score ranging from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Psychosocial Functioning- World Health Organization (WHO)-Quality of Life

  WHO-Quality of Life brief assessment (BREF) will be used to measure the four domains of quality of life: (1) physical health; (2) psychological (3) social relationships; and (4) environment (26 items). Each item in the WHOQOL-BREF will be scored with a 5-point Likert scale (three items are reverse scored), and these scores will be used to generate raw scores for each domain, which will be then scaled 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater quality of life.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Satisfaction with Life and social Functioning

  Satisfaction with life and social functioning over the past 90 days will be assessed using 4 questions: How happy have you been (1) with life?; (2) with your living situation? and (3) with your relationships? and (4) Did you feel satisfied with leisure, social, and recreational activities? (0 = satisfied/happy; 1 = dissatisfied/unhappy)

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Career Engagement

  Engagement in proactive career behaviors over time (9 items). Each item in the career engagement measure will be scored with the 5-point Likert-type scale. The average scale scores will range between 1-5 with higher score indicating greater engagement.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Addiction Severity

  The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) will be used to assess experiences of serious depression, serious anxiety or tension, and cognitive difficulty (i.e., trouble understanding, concentrating, or remembering) in the past 90 days. All items will be binary indicators, where 0 = employed or symptom not present and 1 = unemployed or symptom present. Items will be examined individually.

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Substance Use- SUD Status and Severity

  The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) SUD (last year \& last 3 months) will be used to assess SUD status and severity with mild, moderate, and severe sub-classifications

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

• Change in Substance Use- Consumption

  Timeline Follow Back-90 (TLFB-90) will be used to obtains retrospective daily estimates of substance use in the last 3 month. TLFB can generate a variety of variables that provide more precise and varied information (e.g., pattern, variability) about a person's substance use

  Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years

Study Arms (3)

Cohort 1

Participants in this group started their recovery process \< 1 year ago

Other: Online Survey

Cohort 2

Participants in this group started their recovery process 1 to \<2 years ago

Other: Online Survey

Cohort 3

Participants in this group started their recovery process 2 to \<3 years ago

Other: Online Survey

Interventions

Online Survey OTHER

There are no interventions planned for this study. This is an observational study only.

Cohort 1; Cohort 2; Cohort 3

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals in recovery from SUD who meets the study inclusion criteria will be recruited from The International Quit \& Recovery Registry (IQRR) (https://quitandrecovery.org). Participants will be recruited from existing or new IQRR registrants; that is, IQRR registrants meeting the inclusion criteria (see above) will be invited to participate. Also, the recruitment of new registrants will use methods designed to reflect the heterogeneity of the recovery population.

You may qualify if:

• be ≥18 yrs old
• meet lifetime DSM-5 SUD criteria
• have a Recovery Initiation Date less than 3 years prior to the time of enrollment
• be able to read independently
• be free of legal problems that could limit participation
• reside in the U.S.
• anticipate continued Internet access (to ensure ongoing contact and data collection)
• be a registrant of the International Quit and Recovery Registry (IQRR)

You may not qualify if:

• Minors will not be included
• Prisoners will not be included. If participants become incarcerated during this study, they will not be contacted to complete assessments during their incarceration. If the incarceration ends during the study, they may be contacted to participate in assessments.
• Adults who are not capable of consenting on their own behalf

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: lead

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Substance-Related Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Chemically-Induced Disorders; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Warren Bickel, PhD

  Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Warren K Bickel, PhD

CONTACT

540-526-2088; wkbickel@vt.edu

Kirstin M Gatchalian

CONTACT

540-526-2071; kmgatch@vtc.vt.edu

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 7, 2021
• First Posted: November 2, 2021
• Study Start: December 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2028
• Last Updated: July 16, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share