Ball Exercises and Stereotypic Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder

NCT05045339 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: TUF/DR/DPT/157
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-behavioral disorder associated with repetitive movements. The role of physical therapist towards an autistic child is most neglected one. Therefore, the objective of this study was to see the effectiveness of different ball exercise on stereotypic behavior of children with ASD. Different ball exercises were implemented for 2 months, 3 sessions per week and every session consist of 35 minutes.

Conditions

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Keywords

ball exercises; physical therapy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Stereotypic Behaviors

  Stereotypic behavior was the sole parameter assessed in this study using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), a well-established instrument known for its strong reliability and validity. The RBS-R was employed to evaluate self-stimulatory behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This 43-item questionnaire is organized into six distinct subscales, each targeting a specific dimension of repetitive behavior.

  Two months

Study Arms (2)

Exercise Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Five different ball exercises were implemented for 35 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 2 months.

Procedure: Ball Exercises

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

No exercises were performed in control group

Interventions

Ball Exercises PROCEDURE

Different ball exercises which include stability ball roll, stability ball hug, catching, throwing was performed. Along with these exercises, ball tapping exercise was also performed.

Exercise Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 4 Years - 16 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Children diagnosed with ASD through experts
• Having recognized stereotypic behavior
• Having Intellectual Deficit (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
• Age ranging between 4-16 years
• Consented to take part

You may not qualify if:

• Having co-morbidities like schizophrenia and developmental delays
• Severe cases of ASD
• Showing aggressive behavior
• Having disease of cardiovascular or respiratory system
• Children unable to follow the command for exercise completely

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Faisalabad: lead

Study Sites (1)

The University of Faisalabad

Faisalābad, Punjab Province, 38000, Pakistan

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Dr Sidra Majeed; PT

  The University of Faisalabad

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 6, 2021
• First Posted: September 16, 2021
• Study Start: February 9, 2025
• Primary Completion: May 20, 2025
• Study Completion: May 28, 2025
• Last Updated: August 3, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PA (1)