The Effect of Air Polishing on the Tooth Surface

NCT04853745 | Completed FDA Device

• 1 other identifier: KOU GOKAEK 2019/10.34
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 48
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The use of air-polishing device that operates by directing a fine slurry of pressurized air, water, and abrasive particles has become widespread in dentistry for polishing. The introduction of abrasive powders with different properties creates the need to evaluate the effects of these powders on dental hard tissues. This study was focused on the effect of sodium bicarbonate, glycine and erythritol air polishing on enamel and exposed root surface.

Conditions

Dental Plaque

Keywords

glycine; erythritol; sodium bicarbonate; x-ray microtomography; gingival recession; air abrasion

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Defect depth

  The teeth were divided into three groups, the crown and exposed root surface were air polished using three powders at instrumentation time of 5s, combinations of medium and maximum power and medium water settings, distance of 5mm and angulation of 60 degree. Samples were scanned in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at baseline and then after powder treatment and the defect depth was estimated.

  5 second

• Demineralization depth

  The teeth were divided into three groups, the crown and exposed root surface were air polished using three powders at instrumentation time of 5s, combinations of medium and maximum power and medium water settings, distance of 5mm and angulation of 60 degree. Samples were scanned in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at baseline and then after powder treatment and the demineralization depth was estimated.

  5 second

• Mineral density

  The teeth were divided into three groups, the crown and exposed root surface were air polished using three powders at instrumentation time of 5s, combinations of medium and maximum power and medium water settings, distance of 5 mm and angulation of 60 degree. Samples were scanned in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at baseline and then after powder treatment and the mineral density was estimated.

  10 second

• Defect volume

  The teeth were divided into three groups, the crown and exposed root surface were air polished using three powders at instrumentation time of 5s, combinations of medium and maximum power and medium water settings, distance of 5mm and angulation of 60 degree. Samples were scanned in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at baseline and then after powder treatment and the defect volume was estimated.

  5 second

Study Arms (3)

sodium bicarbonate group

Sodium bicarbonate-based powder (CLASSIC®, EMS SA, Nyon, Switzerland) was used for air polishing the samples belonging to this group. All surfaces were numbered and application was made to the mesial and distal surfaces of the root, buccal and lingual surfaces of the crown to avoid repeated instrumentations. After device and samples were fixed, a metal plate with a 5 mm diameter hole was placed on the sample to limit the application area. Surfaces one and three were air-polished using the with a medium power setting (9 LED power setting), and surfaces two and four were air-polished using the with a maximum power setting (17 LED power setting). The distance between the handpiece and the tooth surface was kept constant at 5 mm, and the treatment angulation was adjusted to 60 degrees. In all applications, the application time was 5 seconds and the water setting was medium (6 LED). The powder chambers of the device were filled to the maximum level in each application.

Device: AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon

glycine group

Glycine-based powder (PERIO®, EMS SA, Nyon, Switzerland) was used for air polishing the samples belonging to this group. All surfaces were numbered and application was made to the mesial and distal surfaces of the root, buccal and lingual surfaces of the crown to avoid repeated instrumentations. After device and samples were fixed, a metal plate with a 5 mm diameter hole was placed on the sample to limit the application area. Surfaces one and three were air-polished using the with a medium power setting (9 LED power setting), and surfaces two and four were air-polished using the with a maximum power setting (17 LED power setting). The distance between the handpiece and the tooth surface was kept constant at 5 mm, and the treatment angulation was adjusted to 60 degrees. In all applications, the application time was 5 seconds and the water setting was medium (6 LED). The powder chambers of the device were filled to the maximum level in each application.

Device: AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon

erythritol group

Erythritol-based powder (PLUS®, EMS SA, Nyon, Switzerland) was used for air polishing the samples belonging to this group. All surfaces were numbered and application was made to the mesial and distal surfaces of the root, buccal and lingual surfaces of the crown to avoid repeated instrumentations. After device and samples were fixed, a metal plate with a 5 mm diameter hole was placed on the sample to limit the application area. Surfaces one and three were air-polished using the with a medium power setting (9 LED power setting), and surfaces two and four were air-polished using the with a maximum power setting (17 LED power setting). The distance between the handpiece and the tooth surface was kept constant at 5 mm, and the treatment angulation was adjusted to 60 degrees. In all applications, the application time was 5 seconds and the water setting was medium (6 LED). The powder chambers of the device were filled to the maximum level in each application.

Device: AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon

Interventions

AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon DEVICE

AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon is intended for use in the cleaning and polishing of teeth by the projection of water,air, and dental powders onto the tooth surface. The device removes dental plaque, soft deposits, and surface stains from pits, grooves, interproximal spaces, or smooth surfaces of teeth. This air polishing device was used for all powder instrumentations.

erythritol group; glycine group; sodium bicarbonate group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The patients were recruited from individuals seeking periodontal and/or dental treatment at Kocaeli University, Faculty of Dentistry.

You may qualify if:

• Being older than age of 18,
• Willing to participate the study,
• To have a single rooted tooth with gingival recession on all surfaces and need to be extracted,
• The tooth has to be free of caries, defects and restorations.

You may not qualify if:

• Have history of infectious diseases like Hepatitis and/or HIV (+).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kocaeli University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Kocaeli University, Faculty of Dentistry

Kocaeli, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (19)

• Petersilka GJ. Subgingival air-polishing in the treatment of periodontal biofilm infections. Periodontol 2000. 2011 Feb;55(1):124-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00342.x. No abstract available.

  PMID: 21134232 BACKGROUND

• Graumann SJ, Sensat ML, Stoltenberg JL. Air polishing: a review of current literature. J Dent Hyg. 2013 Aug;87(4):173-80.

  PMID: 23986410 BACKGROUND

• Gutmann ME. Air polishing: a comprehensive review of the literature. J Dent Hyg. 1998 Summer;72(3):47-56.

  PMID: 9693568 BACKGROUND

• Weaks LM, Lescher NB, Barnes CM, Holroyd SV. Clinical evaluation of the Prophy-Jet as an instrument for routine removal of tooth stain and plaque. J Periodontol. 1984 Aug;55(8):486-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1984.55.8.486.

  PMID: 6592321 BACKGROUND

• Berkstein S, Reiff RL, McKinney JF, Killoy WJ. Supragingival root surface removal during maintenance procedures utilizing an air-powder abrasive system or hand scaling. An in vitro study. J Periodontol. 1987 May;58(5):327-30. doi: 10.1902/jop.1987.58.5.327.

  PMID: 3295185 BACKGROUND

• Barnes CM, Russell CM, Gerbo LR, Wells BR, Barnes DW. Effects of an air-powder polishing system on orthodontically bracketed and banded teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990 Jan;97(1):74-81. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81712-3. No abstract available.

  PMID: 2136972 BACKGROUND

• Kontturi-Narhi V, Markkanen S, Markkanen H. Effects of airpolishing on dental plaque removal and hard tissues as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. J Periodontol. 1990 Jun;61(6):334-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1990.61.6.334.

  PMID: 2366141 BACKGROUND

• Atkinson DR, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ. The effect of an air-powder abrasive system on in vitro root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1984 Jan;55(1):13-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1984.55.1.13.

  PMID: 6319658 BACKGROUND

• Barnes CM, Covey D, Watanabe H, Simetich B, Schulte JR, Chen H. An in vitro comparison of the effects of various air polishing powders on enamel and selected esthetic restorative materials. J Clin Dent. 2014;25(4):76-87.

  PMID: 26054183 BACKGROUND

• Pelka M, Trautmann S, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. Influence of air-polishing devices and abrasives on root dentin-an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscope study. Quintessence Int. 2010 Jul-Aug;41(7):e141-8.

  PMID: 20614037 BACKGROUND

• Sahrmann P, Ronay V, Schmidlin PR, Attin T, Paque F. Three-dimensional defect evaluation of air polishing on extracted human roots. J Periodontol. 2014 Aug;85(8):1107-14. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.130629. Epub 2014 Jan 30.

  PMID: 24476548 BACKGROUND

• Tada K, Kakuta K, Ogura H, Sato S. Effect of particle diameter on air polishing of dentin surfaces. Odontology. 2010 Feb;98(1):31-6. doi: 10.1007/s10266-009-0113-8. Epub 2010 Feb 16.

  PMID: 20155505 BACKGROUND

• Tada K, Wiroj S, Inatomi M, Sato S. The characterization of dentin defects produced by air polishing. Odontology. 2012 Jan;100(1):41-6. doi: 10.1007/s10266-011-0019-0. Epub 2011 May 10.

  PMID: 21556726 BACKGROUND

• Herr ML, DeLong R, Li Y, Lunos SA, Stoltenberg JL. Use of a continual sweep motion to compare air polishing devices, powders and exposure time on unexposed root cementum. Odontology. 2017 Jul;105(3):311-319. doi: 10.1007/s10266-016-0282-1. Epub 2017 Jan 9.

  PMID: 28070701 BACKGROUND

• Camboni S, Donnet M. Tooth Surface Comparison after Air Polishing and Rubber Cup: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Clin Dent. 2016 Mar;27(1):13-18.

  PMID: 28390211 BACKGROUND

• Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF. Root defects following air polishing. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Feb;30(2):165-70. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.300204.x.

  PMID: 12622860 BACKGROUND

• Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Haberlein I, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF. In vitro evaluation of novel low abrasive air polishing powders. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jan;30(1):9-13. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.300102.x.

  PMID: 12702105 BACKGROUND

• Agger MS, Horsted-Bindslev P, Hovgaard O. Abrasiveness of an air-powder polishing system on root surfaces in vitro. Quintessence Int. 2001 May;32(5):407-11.

  PMID: 11444076 BACKGROUND

• Galloway SE, Pashley DH. Rate of removal of root structure by the use of the Prophy-Jet device. J Periodontol. 1987 Jul;58(7):464-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.1987.58.7.464.

  PMID: 3476717 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dental Plaque; Gingival Recession

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Dental Deposits; Tooth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Gingival Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Atrophy

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: OTHER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: research assistant

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 11, 2021
• First Posted: April 21, 2021
• Study Start: July 24, 2019
• Primary Completion: July 27, 2020
• Study Completion: September 14, 2020
• Last Updated: April 21, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-04

Locations

TU (1)