NCT04691596

Brief Summary

The primary goal of this two-month pilot study is to measure the behavioral change induced by targeted habit formation reminders that are surfaced via an iPhone app and financial incentives that were offered conditional on using a personalized contextual cue for a daily walking habit. The data and user feedback collected during this study will also be used to optimize the design and content of the iPhone app, which will be tested in future, larger scale experimental research.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
137

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Feb 2019

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 28, 2019

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

August 21, 2019

Completed
1 year until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

August 21, 2020

Completed
4 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 28, 2020

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 31, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

July 20, 2023

Status Verified

July 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

6 months

First QC Date

December 28, 2020

Last Update Submit

July 19, 2023

Conditions

Keywords

Physical activityFinancial incentivesmHealth

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Daily Step Count

    Full study period analyses

    8 weeks

  • Daily Step Count

    Follow-up period

    4 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Habitual daily walking

    8 weeks

  • Habitual daily walking

    4 weeks

  • 10,000 daily step

    4 weeks

Study Arms (4)

Control Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

One fourth of participants were assigned to the Control Group, and received a basic training with the StepUp app and were asked to contact the study team with any problems or questions they encountered during the eight-week study period. No other intervention tools or app reminders were provided to the Control Group.

Behavioral: App use instructions

Treatment Group 1

EXPERIMENTAL

Additionally eligible to receive weekly $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks of the study for performing a ≥10-minute walk (i.e. non-cue-contingent incentives)

Behavioral: Non-cue-contingent weekly incentivesBehavioral: App use instructions

Treatment Group 2

EXPERIMENTAL

Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit, then they were similarly eligible weekly for $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks conditional on completing a ≥10-minute walk at any time of day (i.e. non-cue-contingent incentives)

Behavioral: Non-cue-contingent weekly incentivesBehavioral: Habit CoachingBehavioral: App use instructions

Treatment Group 3

EXPERIMENTAL

Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit, then they were eligible weekly for $5 Amazon gift cards over the first four weeks conditional on completing a ≥10-minute walk at any the pre-specified time of their chosen contextual cue (i.e. cue-contingent incentives)

Behavioral: Cue-contingent weekly incentivesBehavioral: Habit CoachingBehavioral: App use instructions

Interventions

Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk at any time of day

Treatment Group 1Treatment Group 2

Eligible to win $5 Amazon gift card conditional on completing a daily ≥10-minute walk within a +/-1 hour window of the pre-specified time of their chosen contextual walking cue

Treatment Group 3
Habit CoachingBEHAVIORAL

Received an instructional video on the benefits of contextual-cue-dependent habits and instructions on how to identify an optimal personalized cue that would consistently trigger their ≥10-minute walking habit

Treatment Group 2Treatment Group 3

Received a basic training with the StepUp app

Control GroupTreatment Group 1Treatment Group 2Treatment Group 3

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 65 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • + years of age
  • Have an existing wellness goal related to increasing physical activity
  • Access to an iPhone with iOS 10 or above (in order to use the app)
  • Proficiency in speaking and reading English

You may not qualify if:

  • Have a major visual impairment
  • Pregnancy
  • Expected surgery
  • A chronic or acute health condition that affects their ability to perform basic mobility tasks or light-aerobic exercise (e.g. heart disease, injured or missing limb, etc.)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Troy, New York, 12180, United States

Location

Related Publications (6)

  • Stawarz, Cox, and Blandford. 2015. "Beyond self-tracking and reminders: designing smartphone apps that support habit formation." Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM.

    BACKGROUND
  • Lally, Phillippa, et al. 2010. "How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world." European journal of social psychology 40(6): 998-1009.

    BACKGROUND
  • Wood W, Neal DT. A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychol Rev. 2007 Oct;114(4):843-63. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.843.

    PMID: 17907866BACKGROUND
  • Wood and Neal. 2016. "Healthy through habit: Interventions for initiating & maintaining health behavior change." Behavioral Science & Policy 2(1): 71-83.

    BACKGROUND
  • Adriaanse MA, Gollwitzer PM, De Ridder DT, de Wit JB, Kroese FM. Breaking habits with implementation intentions: a test of underlying processes. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Apr;37(4):502-13. doi: 10.1177/0146167211399102. Epub 2011 Feb 11.

    PMID: 21317315BACKGROUND
  • Stecher C, Chen CH, Codella J, Cloonan S, Hendler J. Combining anchoring with financial incentives to increase physical activity: a randomized controlled trial among college students. J Behav Med. 2024 Oct;47(5):751-769. doi: 10.1007/s10865-024-00492-4. Epub 2024 May 5.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Masking Details
Participants were randomized into four different study groups
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 28, 2020

First Posted

December 31, 2020

Study Start

February 28, 2019

Primary Completion

August 21, 2019

Study Completion

August 21, 2020

Last Updated

July 20, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-07

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations