NCT04367337

Brief Summary

This study aims at investigating handwashing behavior during COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that social-cognitive and emotional predictors as well as COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates within the country would be associated with handwashing behavior in the general population of adults in 14 countries.

Trial Health

98
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
6,079

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for all trials

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2020

Shorter than P25 for all trials

Geographic Reach
14 countries

14 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 25, 2020

Completed
1 month until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 28, 2020

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 29, 2020

Completed
5 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 24, 2020

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

September 24, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

August 10, 2021

Status Verified

August 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

6 months

First QC Date

April 28, 2020

Last Update Submit

August 8, 2021

Conditions

Health Behavior

Keywords

General populationAdultHandwashingSocial cognitionAnxietyCOVID-19

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Handwashing adherence

    The 12-item self-report measure of adherence to handwashing guidelines across situations (e.g., after visiting public spaces, after touching garbage, etc.) based on the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The responses are provided on a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (the higher level of adherence to handwashing guidelines).

    1 month

  • Frequency of handwashing

    The 1-item self-report measure of the frequency of handwashing (for at least 20 seconds, all surfaces of the hands) daily. The responses are provided on a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (less than once) to 5 (more than 10 times). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (the higher frequency of handwashing).

    1 month

Secondary Outcomes (9)

  • Self-efficacy

    1 month

  • Risk perception

    1 month

  • Outcome expectancy

    1 month

  • Intention

    1 month

  • Planning

    1 month

  • +4 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (14)

Poland

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Australia

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Canada

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

China

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

France

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Gambia

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Germany

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Israel

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Italy

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Malaysia

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Portugal

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Romania

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Singapore

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Switzerland

Adults, general population, N = 400

Other: No intervention

Interventions

No interventionOTHER

Observational data collection only, accounting for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality levels within each country

AustraliaCanadaChinaFranceGambiaGermanyIsraelItalyMalaysiaPolandPortugalRomaniaSingaporeSwitzerland

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
Sampling MethodNon-Probability Sample
Study Population

Adults in 14 countries are recruited using the snowballing method. Data are collected using an online platform (software: Qualtricts).

You may qualify if:

  • adults (from general population) who provided informed consent to participate

You may not qualify if:

  • younger than \<18 years old

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (14)

the University of Melbourne

Melbourne, Australia

Location

University of New Brunswick

Fredericton, Canada

Location

Peking University

Beijing, China

Location

University of Bordeaux

Bordeaux, France

Location

Freie Universität Berlin

Berlin, Germany

Location

Bar-Ilan University

Ramat Gan, Israel

Location

University of Padova

Padua, Italy

Location

Perdana University

Serdang, Malaysia

Location

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Wroclaw, Lower Silezia, 53-328, Poland

Location

University of Lisbon

Lisbon, Portugal

Location

Babes-Bolyai Unversity

Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Location

Nanyang Technological University

Singapore, Singapore

Location

University of Zurich

Zurich, Switzerland

Location

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (in collaboration with MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM)

Fajara, The Gambia

Location

Related Publications (8)

  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

    BACKGROUND

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When and how to wash your hands. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html

    BACKGROUND

  • Reyes Fernandez B, Knoll N, Hamilton K, Schwarzer R. Social-cognitive antecedents of hand washing: Action control bridges the planning-behaviour gap. Psychol Health. 2016 Aug;31(8):993-1004. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1174236. Epub 2016 Apr 26.

    PMID: 27049339BACKGROUND

  • Schwarzer R, Lippke S, Luszczynska A. Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Rehabil Psychol. 2011 Aug;56(3):161-70. doi: 10.1037/a0024509.

    PMID: 21767036BACKGROUND

  • Ruiter RAC, Abraham C, Kok G. Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals. Psychol Health. 2011;11(1): 613-630. doi: 10.1080/08870440108405863

    BACKGROUND

  • Szczuka Z, Siwa M, Abraham C, Baban A, Brooks S, Cipolletta S, Danso E, Dombrowski SU, Gan Y, Gaspar T, Gaspar de Matos M, Griva K, Jongenelis M, Keller J, Knoll N, Ma J, Abdul Awal Miah M, Morgan K, Peraud W, Quintard B, Shah V, Schenkel K, Scholz U, Schwarzer R, Taut D, Tomaino SCM, Vilchinsky N, Wolf H, Luszczynska A. Handwashing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study based on protection motivation theory. Soc Sci Med. 2023 Jan;317:115569. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115569. Epub 2022 Nov 21.

    PMID: 36436259DERIVED

  • Luszczynska A, Szczuka Z, Abraham C, Baban A, Brooks S, Cipolletta S, Danso E, Dombrowski SU, Gan Y, Gaspar T, de Matos MG, Griva K, Jongenelis MI, Keller J, Knoll N, Ma J, Miah MAA, Morgan K, Peraud W, Quintard B, Shah V, Schenkel K, Scholz U, Schwarzer R, Siwa M, Taut D, Tomaino SCM, Vilchinsky N, Wolf H. The Interplay Between Strictness of Policies and Individuals' Self-Regulatory Efforts: Associations with Handwashing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Behav Med. 2022 Apr 2;56(4):368-380. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab102.

    PMID: 34871341DERIVED

  • Szczuka Z, Abraham C, Baban A, Brooks S, Cipolletta S, Danso E, Dombrowski SU, Gan Y, Gaspar T, de Matos MG, Griva K, Jongenelis M, Keller J, Knoll N, Ma J, Miah MAA, Morgan K, Peraud W, Quintard B, Shah V, Schenkel K, Scholz U, Schwarzer R, Siwa M, Szymanski K, Taut D, Tomaino SCM, Vilchinsky N, Wolf H, Luszczynska A. The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries. BMC Public Health. 2021 Oct 5;21(1):1791. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11822-5.

    PMID: 34610808DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Health BehaviorAnxiety DisordersCOVID-19

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BehaviorMental DisordersPneumonia, ViralPneumoniaRespiratory Tract InfectionsInfectionsVirus DiseasesCoronavirus InfectionsCoronaviridae InfectionsNidovirales InfectionsRNA Virus InfectionsLung DiseasesRespiratory Tract Diseases

Study Officials

  • Aleksandra Luszczynska, PhD

    SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
observational
Observational Model
ECOLOGIC OR COMMUNITY
Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 28, 2020

First Posted

April 29, 2020

Study Start

March 25, 2020

Primary Completion

September 24, 2020

Study Completion

September 24, 2020

Last Updated

August 10, 2021

Record last verified: 2020-08

Locations

CA(1)IT(1)PL(1)AU(1)RO(1)SG(1)FR(1)IL(1)MY(1)CH(1)TH(1)PT(1)DE(1)CN(1)