Three-dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-on Aromatherapy

NCT04324216 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 201903HM012
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 48
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

A quasi-experimental trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in promoting happiness, perceived stress, sleep quality, experience on meditation, and life satisfaction among institutionalized older adults in Taiwan.

Conditions

Mental Health

Keywords

3D VR; Aromatherapy; older adult; happiness; stress; sleep quality; experience on meditation; life satisfaction

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Happiness

  The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to measure happiness. The OHI consists of 29 items, Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale of 1-4, with higher scores indicating a higher level of happiness.

  nine weeks

• Perceived stress

  The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) consists of 14 items. Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale that ranged from 0 (never) to four (very often). With higher scores indicating a higher level of stress.

  nine week

• Sleep quality

  The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was consists of 14 items. Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating a lower level of sleep quality.

  nine weeks

• Experience on meditation

  A shortened version of the 10-item Experience on meditation (EOM-EL). Each item was scored on a Likert-type scale of 1-5, with higher scores indicating a higher level of experience on meditation.

  nine weeks

• Life satisfaction

  This scale is a short-form version containing 10 items from the 20-item Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA). The response options for scoring were 0 indicating "Disagree" and 1 indicating "Agree". The total raw scores ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of life satisfaction.

  nine weeks

Study Arms (2)

Experimental group

EXPERIMENTAL

3D virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy

Other: 3D virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy

Control group

NO INTERVENTION

No intervention

Interventions

3D virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy OTHER

Participants will receive 8-session 3DVR aroma therapy activities. Each session was delivered over 2 hours once a week, and at each session, the participant received hands-on guidance for preparing an aromatherapy product that they could use for the next seven days.

Experimental group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years - 99 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• An ability to understand verbal instructions
• An ability to provide simple responses
• An ability to operate a joystick freely with at least one hand

You may not qualify if:

• A history of severe psychiatric conditions;
• Dementia
• Significant visual or hearing impairment;
• Marked upper motor difficulties that could affect the participants' ability to participate in the study
• Currently suffering from severe illnesses, e.g., stroke and Parkinson disease.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Taiwan Normal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

National Taiwan Normal University

Taipei, Taiwan

Location

Related Publications (24)

• Tsai YF, Wong TK, Ku YC. Self-care management of sleep disturbances and risk factors for poor sleep among older residents of Taiwanese nursing homes. J Clin Nurs. 2008 May;17(9):1219-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02020.x. Epub 2008 Feb 11.

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• Tang SK, Tse MY. Aromatherapy: does it help to relieve pain, depression, anxiety, and stress in community-dwelling older persons? Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:430195. doi: 10.1155/2014/430195. Epub 2014 Jul 13.

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• Kim ME, Jun JH, Hur MH. [Effects of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2019 Dec;49(6):655-676. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.655. Korean.

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• Redstone L. Mindfulness meditation and aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015 Jun;29(3):192-3. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 13. No abstract available.

  PMID: 26001720 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 18442859 BACKGROUND

• Yang YP, Lee FP, Chao HC, Hsu FY, Wang JJ. Comparing the Effects of Cognitive Stimulation, Reminiscence, and Aroma-Massage on Agitation and Depressive Mood in People With Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Aug 1;17(8):719-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 May 7.

  PMID: 27168052 BACKGROUND

• Hwang E, Shin S. The effects of aromatherapy on sleep improvement: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Feb;21(2):61-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0113. Epub 2015 Jan 13.

  PMID: 25584799 BACKGROUND

• Babakhanian M, Ghazanfarpour M, Kargarfard L, Roozbeh N, Darvish L, Khadivzadeh T, Dizavandi FR. Effect of Aromatherapy on the Treatment of Psychological Symptoms in Postmenopausal and Elderly Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Menopausal Med. 2018 Aug;24(2):127-132. doi: 10.6118/jmm.2018.24.2.127. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

  PMID: 30202763 BACKGROUND

• Chang SY. [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2008 Aug;38(4):493-502. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.493. Korean.

  PMID: 18753801 BACKGROUND

• Wilkinson SM, Love SB, Westcombe AM, Gambles MA, Burgess CC, Cargill A, Young T, Maher EJ, Ramirez AJ. Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 10;25(5):532-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.9987.

  PMID: 17290062 BACKGROUND

• Tiran D, Chummun H. Complementary therapies to reduce physiological stress in pregnancy. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 2004 Aug;10(3):162-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctnm.2004.03.006.

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• Atsumi T, Tonosaki K. Smelling lavender and rosemary increases free radical scavenging activity and decreases cortisol level in saliva. Psychiatry Res. 2007 Feb 28;150(1):89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.12.012. Epub 2007 Feb 7.

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• Smith MC, Kyle L. Holistic foundations of aromatherapy for nursing. Holist Nurs Pract. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):3-9; quiz 10-1. doi: 10.1097/01.HNP.0000306321.03590.32.

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• Sayorwan W, Siripornpanich V, Piriyapunyaporn T, Hongratanaworakit T, Kotchabhakdi N, Ruangrungsi N. The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012 Apr;95(4):598-606.

  PMID: 22612017 BACKGROUND

• Bouya S, Ahmadidarehsima S, Badakhsh M, Balouchi A, Koochakzai M. Effect of aromatherapy interventions on hemodialysis complications: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 Aug;32:130-138. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.06.008. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

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• Kim MJ, Nam ES, Paik SI. [The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005 Feb;35(1):186-94. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.186. Korean.

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• Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, Lucas C, Ashley S. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med. 2004 Mar;18(2):87-92. doi: 10.1191/0269216304pm874oa.

  PMID: 15046404 BACKGROUND

• Shin ES, Seo KH, Lee SH, Jang JE, Jung YM, Kim MJ, Yeon JY. Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 3;2016(6):CD009873. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009873.pub3.

  PMID: 27258432 BACKGROUND

• Cheng VY, Huang CM, Liao JY, Hsu HP, Wang SW, Huang SF, Guo JL. Combination of 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-On Aromatherapy in Improving Institutionalized Older Adults' Psychological Health: Quasi-Experimental Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 23;22(7):e17096. doi: 10.2196/17096.

  PMID: 32706660 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Psychological Well-Being; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Personal Satisfaction

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Jong-Long Guo

  National Taiwan Normal University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2020
• First Posted: March 27, 2020
• Study Start: April 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: December 31, 2019
• Study Completion: December 31, 2019
• Last Updated: April 8, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TW (1)