Evaluation of Self-help Books for Depression

NCT03796143 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 9766
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 140
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this study is to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression in a bibliotherapy format and assess hypothesized mechanisms of change in depression symptomatology, quality of life, and functioning. This study will test the following hypotheses:

1. 1.CBT and ACT will both result in decreased depression, distress, and self-stigma associated with depression. Life satisfaction and values progress will increase in both conditions.
2. 2.CBT will result in greater use of reappraisal than ACT.
3. 3.ACT will results in greater use of defusion and decreased psychological inflexibility than CBT.
4. 4.Changes in experiential avoidance and defusion will predict changes in depression in the ACT condition.
5. 5.Changes in reappraisal will predict changes in depression in the CBT condition.
6. 6.Participants who are given their choice of treatment will show better adherence and satisfaction in the intervention.

Conditions

Mental Health

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Depression, Anxiety and Stress

  Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) : a self-report measure of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Higher scores indicate higher negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. This measure assesses each of these symptoms as a distinct subscale. Items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 "did not apply to me at all" to 3 "applied to me very much, or most of the time." Ranges for depression, anxiety, and stress are 0-28, 0-20, and 0-33, respectively.

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS; Barney, Griffiths, Christensen, & Jorm, 2010)

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

• Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011)

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

• Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ; Gillanders et al., 2014)

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

• The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS; Kanter, Mulick, Busch, Berlin, & Martell, 2007)

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

• Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Frequency (ATQ-30; Hollon & Kendall, 1980)

  Baseline, midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline), and follow-up (3-months after posttreatment)

Other Outcomes (2)

• Adherence to self-help book

  Midtreatment (5 weeks after baseline), posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline)

• Satisfaction with self-help book

  Posttreatment (10 weeks after baseline)

Study Arms (3)

ACT self-help book condition

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this condition will be asked to read The Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for Depression by Strosahl and Robinson (2008), a self-help book based on acceptance and commitment therapy.

Behavioral: The Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for Depression

CBT self-help book condition

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants in this condition will be asked to read Cognitive Behavioral Workbook for Depression by Knaus (2006), a self-help book based on acceptance and commitment therapy.

Behavioral: The Cognitive Behavioral Workbook for Depression

Choice of two self-help books

OTHER

Participants in this condition will have the option of receiving either the self-help book by Strosahl and Robinson (2008) or the book by Knaus (2006).

Behavioral: The Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for Depression; Behavioral: The Cognitive Behavioral Workbook for Depression

Interventions

The Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for Depression BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.

ACT self-help book condition; Choice of two self-help books

The Cognitive Behavioral Workbook for Depression BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.

CBT self-help book condition; Choice of two self-help books

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Age 18 or older
• Enrolled at Utah State University
• Have not participated in other self-help studies run by the USU CBS Lab
• Interested in using self-help book for depression
• Elevated depressive symptoms as determined by scoring a 10 or higher on the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21)

You may not qualify if:

• Below the age of 18
• Not a student at Utah State University
• Have participated in other self-help studies run by the USU CBS Lab
• Not interested in using self-help book for depression
• No elevated depressive symptoms as determined by scoring lower than 10 on the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Utah State University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Utah State University

Logan, Utah, 84322, United States

Location

Related Publications (28)

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• Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, Waltz T, Zettle RD. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther. 2011 Dec;42(4):676-88. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007. Epub 2011 May 25.

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• Knaus, W. J. (2006). The cognitive behavioral workbook for depression: a step-by-step program. New Harbinger Publications.

  BACKGROUND

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Psychological Well-Being

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Personal Satisfaction; Behavior

Study Officials

• Michael Levin, PhD

  Utah State University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Model Details: Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two active self-help interventions, or their choice of intervention, for the duration of the study.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 2, 2019
• First Posted: January 8, 2019
• Study Start: January 7, 2019
• Primary Completion: August 15, 2020
• Study Completion: August 15, 2020
• Last Updated: April 27, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-04

Locations

US (1)