NCT04267003

Brief Summary

People with schizophrenia often have problems with attention, learning and memory and other cognitive abilities that interfere with their work and school performance. Unfortunately, even our best treatments often do not significantly reduce these cognitive problems. The current study investigates whether or not delivering a very small electrical current to people's foreheads (called, transcranial direct current stimulation; (tDCS)) might improve functioning in the front part of the brain and reduce these cognitive problems in people with schizophrenia. tDCS is non-invasive and has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in some preliminary studies. The current study will investigate whether giving tDCS during a task is more effective than giving it during rest (Aim 1), whether delivery of tDCS to the front of the head is more effective than delivery to the back of the head (Aim 2), and whether tDCS delivery will alter levels of a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (GABA; Aim 3) that is important to cognitive functioning and may be disrupted in people with schizophrenia. Although this study is not intended to diagnose, cure or treat schizophrenia or any other disease, if results are positive it will encourage future large-scale studies to determine if tDCS can become an effective treatment for cognitive problems in people with schizophrenia.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
160

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable schizophrenia

Timeline
4mo left

Started Jan 2020

Longer than P75 for not_applicable schizophrenia

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress95%
Jan 2020Aug 2026

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 9, 2020

Completed
25 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 3, 2020

Completed
9 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 12, 2020

Completed
6.6 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

August 31, 2026

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

August 31, 2026

Last Updated

March 30, 2026

Status Verified

March 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

6.6 years

First QC Date

February 3, 2020

Last Update Submit

March 26, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

schizophreniaEEGtDCSdorsolateral prefrontal cortexcognitive controltranscranial direct current stimulationGABAMR spectroscopy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • EEG Correlates of Language and Cognitive Control

    Electrophysiological data recorded during completion of cognitive control tasks. We will measure oscillatory activity from 3-80 Hz.

    Assessment will begin immediately following stimulation and last for about 1.5 hours.

  • Behavioral Response

    We will assess performance on the Dot Pattern Expectancy (DPX) task (error rates).

    Assessment will begin immediately following stimulation and last for about 1.5 hours.

  • Behavioral Response

    We will assess performance on the Dot Pattern Expectancy (DPX) task (d-prime scores).

    Assessment will begin immediately following stimulation and last for about 1.5 hours.

Study Arms (4)

DLPFC Stimulation + Task

EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention. 20 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive task completion.

Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

DLPFC Stimulation + Rest

EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention. 20 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during rest.

Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Sham Stimulation + Task

SHAM COMPARATOR

Placebo Comparator. 0.5-1 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex followed by 19-19.5 minutes of sham stimulation, during cognitive task completion.

Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Sham Stimulation + Rest

SHAM COMPARATOR

Placebo Comparator. 0.5-1 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex followed by 19-19.5 minutes of sham stimulation, during rest.

Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Interventions

In tDCS, saline-soaked electrodes are temporary affixed to the scalp and connected to a battery-powered current generator. A weak (2 mA) constant current is then briefly applied (\~20 minutes) to stimulate the targeted brain area (e.g. the DLPFC). To control for placebo effects, the study will utilize a sham stimulation protocol that consists of very brief constant stimulation (\~1 minute). Subjects usually cannot discern the difference between the sham and experimental stimulation protocols due to habituation.

DLPFC Stimulation + RestDLPFC Stimulation + TaskSham Stimulation + RestSham Stimulation + Task

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 47 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Participants must be able to sufficiently speak and understand English so as to be able to understand and complete cognitive tasks.
  • All subjects must have the ability to give valid informed consent.
  • Diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder
  • No medication changes in the prior month
  • No medication changes anticipated in the upcoming month
  • Stable outpatient or partial hospital status
  • Normal IQ (\>70; IQ will be measured by administering the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of
  • Intelligence (WASI) test)
  • Must not be currently taking the antipsychotic clozapine

You may not qualify if:

  • Pacemakers
  • Implanted electrical (brain and spinal) stimulators
  • Implanted defibrillator
  • Metallic implants
  • Skin damage or skin conditions such as eczema at the sites where electrodes will be placed
  • Hair styles hindering the placement of electrodes
  • Cranial pathologies
  • Head trauma
  • Epilepsy
  • Mental retardation
  • Any known history of neurological disorders (including epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, cerebral palsy, any DSM-5 axis I psychiatric disorder (for healthy control subjects), autism)
  • Uncorrected vision problems that would hinder cognitive testing (this also pertains to subjects with color blindness in tasks where discriminating colored objects/items is necessary for successful performance)
  • Pregnancy
  • Substance dependence in the past six months
  • Substance abuse in the past month

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Imaging Research Center

Sacramento, California, 95817, United States

RECRUITING

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Schizophrenia

Interventions

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic DisordersMental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Electric Stimulation TherapyTherapeuticsConvulsive TherapyPsychiatric Somatic TherapiesBehavioral Disciplines and ActivitiesElectroshockPsychological Techniques

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 3, 2020

First Posted

February 12, 2020

Study Start

January 9, 2020

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 31, 2026

Last Updated

March 30, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-03

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Select data from this study may be submitted to the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA). NDA is a data repository run by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) that allows researchers studying mental illness to collect and share de-identified information with each other. The data repository is accessible only to qualified investigators. All subject data will be de-identified (subject names will not be used) and each subject will have a separate identifier called a Global Unique Identifier (GUID) to remove any possibility that "the identities of the subjects cannot be readily ascertained or otherwise associated with the data by the repository staff or secondary data users." (45 CFR, 46.102).

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