Investigating Preferred Nap Schedules for Adolescents

NCT04044885 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: NFS5
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 54
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to examine the neurobehavioural responses to two successive cycles of sleep manipulation nights and recovery nights in adolescents, and to determine the benefits of napping on cognitive performance, alertness and mood. Using a split-sleep design, 60 participants, aged 15 to 19 years old, are divided into a nap and a no-nap group. Both groups undergo two cycles of sleep manipulation nights and recovery nights over a period of 15 days. The no-nap group receives an 8-hour sleep opportunity on sleep restriction nights, with no daytime nap opportunity. The nap group receives a 6.5-hour sleep opportunity on sleep restriction nights, and has a 1.5-hour nap opportunity the following afternoon.

Conditions

Sleep

Keywords

Nap; Recovery sleep; Cognitive functions; Neurobehavioural functions; Mood; Subjective sleepiness

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (14)

• 1.Change in sustained attention assessed with the Psychomotor Vigilance Task from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Number of attention lapses (\>500ms)

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 2.Change in working memory assessed with the 1-back task from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Number of correct responses in the 1-back task

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 3.Change in executive functions assessed with the 3-back task from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Number of correct responses in the 3-back task

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 4.Change in the level of subjective sleepiness assessed with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Score on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (1-9 points)

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 5.Change in positive mood assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Total score on the positive subscale of the PANAS

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 6.Change in negative mood assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Total score on the negative subscale of the PANAS

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 7.Change in speed of processing assessed with the Mental Arithmetic Task from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Number of correct responses in the task

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 8.Change in speed of processing assessed with the Symbol Digit Modalities Task from morning to afternoon and then evening from baseline days to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Number of correct responses in the task

  3 times daily (10:00, 16:15, and 20:00) for 15 days

• 11.Change in memory performance in picture-word association task over sleep restriction nights and recovery night

  Score on picture-word association task

  12 times (morning and evening): after sleep restriction night 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (sleep restriction period 1) and after recovery night 2 (recovery period 1)

• 14.Effect of sleep versus wake during delay on memory for rewarded pictures, where the pictures will be encoded either before a 12-hr interval including a night of sleep or a day of wakefulness

  Memory score of correctly remembered encoded pictures following the wake or sleep

  Single session during the 15-day protocol, after baseline night 1 or before sleep restriction night 1 (first sleep restriction period)

• 15.Effect of sleep restriction on learning of novel material (about different animal species) across separate sessions

  Memory score on test of learned material

  Single session during the 15-day protocol, after recovery night 2 (first recovery period)

• 16.Effect of sleep restriction on memory of spatial locations

  Performance in four mountains task

  Single session during the 15-day protocol, after sleep restriction night 3 (first sleep restriction period)

• 18.Effect of sleep restriction on picture encoding

  Memory score of correctly remembered encoded pictures of non-famous people, landscapes, scenes and objects

  Single session during the 15-day protocol, after recovery night 2 (second recovery period)

• 19.Effect of sleep restriction on effort/temporal discounting

  Choice preference (perform a longer duration task for a higher reward, or to take a break for a lower/no reward) in effort/temporal discounting task is measured

  Three sessions during the 15-day protocol (after baseline night 1, after sleep restriction night 5 (first sleep restriction period) and after recovery night 2 (first recovery period))

Secondary Outcomes (10)

• Change in total sleep duration at night assessed with polysomnography from baseline nights to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Nocturnal sleep on nights 1 & 2 (baseline), 3, 5 & 7 (first sleep restriction period), 8 (first recovery period), 10 & 12 (second sleep restriction period), & 13 (second recovery period)

• Change in N1 sleep duration at night assessed with polysomnography from baseline nights to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Nocturnal sleep on nights 1 & 2 (baseline), 3, 5 & 7 (first sleep restriction period), 8 (first recovery period), 10 & 12 (second sleep restriction period), & 13 (second recovery period)

• Change in N2 sleep duration at night assessed with polysomnography from baseline nights to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Nocturnal sleep on nights 1 & 2 (baseline), 3, 5 & 7 (first sleep restriction period), 8 (first recovery period), 10 & 12 (second sleep restriction period), & 13 (second recovery period)

• Change in N3 sleep duration at night assessed with polysomnography from baseline nights to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Nocturnal sleep on nights 1 & 2 (baseline), 3, 5 & 7 (first sleep restriction period), 8 (first recovery period), 10 & 12 (second sleep restriction period), & 13 (second recovery period)

• Change in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration at night assessed with polysomnography from baseline nights to the first and second cycles of sleep restriction and recovery

  Nocturnal sleep on nights 1 & 2 (baseline), 3, 5 & 7 (first sleep restriction period), 8 (first recovery period), 10 & 12 (second sleep restriction period), & 13 (second recovery period)

Study Arms (2)

Nap

EXPERIMENTAL

After each night with a 6.5-hour sleep opportunity, participants have a daytime nap opportunity of 1.5 hours.

Behavioral: Nap

No nap

NO INTERVENTION

After each night with a 8-hour sleep opportunity, participants do not have a daytime nap opportunity, but instead have free time.

Interventions

Nap BEHAVIORAL

Looking at the difference between continuous sleep opportunities and split-sleep opportunities.

Nap

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years - 19 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• healthy
• no sleep disorder
• body mass index not greater than 30

You may not qualify if:

• smoker
• habitual short sleeper (time in bed during term time of less than 6 hours and no sign of -
• sleep extension of greater than 1 hour on weekends)
• consumption of more than 5 cups of caffeinated beverages a day
• travelling across more than 2 time zones in the month prior to the study protocol
• diagnosed with any psychiatric conditions

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School: lead
• National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Duke-NUS Medical School

Singapore, 169857, Singapore

Location

Related Publications (6)

• Leong RLF, Tian L, Yu N, Teo TB, Ong JL, Chee MWL. Bidirectional associations between the duration and timing of nocturnal sleep and daytime naps in adolescents differ from weekdays to weekends. Sleep. 2024 Sep 9;47(9):zsae147. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae147.

  PMID: 38938171 DERIVED

• Golkashani HA, Ghorbani S, Leong RLF, Ong JL, Chee MWL. Advantage conferred by overnight sleep on schema-related memory may last only a day. Sleep Adv. 2023 Apr 14;4(1):zpad019. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad019. eCollection 2023.

  PMID: 37193282 DERIVED

• Aghayan Golkashani H, Leong RLF, Ghorbani S, Ong JL, Fernandez G, Chee MWL. A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge. Sleep. 2022 Apr 11;45(4):zsac025. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac025.

  PMID: 35090173 DERIVED

• Lo JC, Koa TB, Ong JL, Gooley JJ, Chee MWL. Staying vigilant during recurrent sleep restriction: dose-response effects of time-in-bed and benefits of daytime napping. Sleep. 2022 Apr 11;45(4):zsac023. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac023.

  PMID: 35089345 DERIVED

• Leong RLF, Yu N, Ong JL, Ng ASC, Jamaluddin SA, Cousins JN, Chee NIYN, Chee MWL. Memory performance following napping in habitual and non-habitual nappers. Sleep. 2021 Jun 11;44(6):zsaa277. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa277.

  PMID: 33313925 DERIVED

• Lo JC, Leong RLF, Ng ASC, Jamaluddin SA, Ong JL, Ghorbani S, Lau T, Chee NIYN, Gooley JJ, Chee MWL. Cognitive effects of split and continuous sleep schedules in adolescents differ according to total sleep opportunity. Sleep. 2020 Dec 14;43(12):zsaa129. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa129.

  PMID: 32619240 DERIVED

Study Officials

• Michael WL Chee, MBBS

  Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator, Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2019
• First Posted: August 5, 2019
• Study Start: August 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: December 10, 2019
• Study Completion: December 31, 2019
• Last Updated: July 23, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

SG (1)