Sensory Motor Lateralization as Handwriting Intervention in School-Based OT

NCT03903614 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: TengMConventional School-Based OT
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 16
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Children who attend School-Based Occupational Therapy (SBOT) show mixed dominance and a liable decreased in the structural and functional differentiation between the two hemispheres. The lack of right-left disparity has been found to link to mirror invariance, poor spatial organization, fragmentary reversals, and handwriting difficulty. This study intends to find out, whether, Sensory Motor Lateralization (SML), "With" a rightward bias, profits handwriting more than the conventional (CON) "Without".

Conditions

Developmental Dysgraphia

Keywords

Developmental Dysgraphia; Ambidexterity; Outcome study

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• SML excels CON in manuscript letter legibility

  Assess by the percent accuracy score of manuscript letter legibility derived from the Wold Sentence Copying Test (WSCT). TThe letter legibility score was calculated by counting the total number of letters the participant wrote minus the writing errors per THS-R criteria, divided by the total number of characters written, and multiplied by 100. The minimum is 0, and the maximum is 100. The higher values represent better treatment outcome.

  Change from Baseline percent accuracy score at 3 months

• SML excels CON in script letter legibility

  Assess by the percent accuracy score of script letter legibility derived from the Wold Sentence Copying Test (WSCT). The letter legibility score was calculated by counting the total number of letters the participant wrote minus the writing errors per THS-R criteria, divided by the total number of characters written, and multiplied by 100. The minimum is 0, and the maximum is 100. The higher values represent better treatment outcome.

  Change from Baseline percent accuracy score at 3 months

• SML excels CON in manuscript transcription speed

  Assess by WSCT.Speed was derived from the total number of letters written timed 60, divided by the total number of seconds used, and recorded as number of letters per minute. The minimum is 0, and there is no maximum. The higher values represent better treatment outcome.

  Change from Baseline letters per minute at 3 months

• SML excels CON in script transcription speed

  Assess by WSCT. Speed was derived from the total number of letters written timed 60, divided by the total number of seconds used, and recorded as number of letters per minute. The minimum is 0, and there is no maximum. The higher values represent better treatment outcome.

  Change from Baseline letters per minute at 3 months

Other Outcomes (3)

• SML excels CON in Visual Motor Integration

  Change from Baseline raw score at 3 months

• SML excels CON in Visual Perception

  Change from Baseline raw score at 3 months

• SML excels CON in Motor Coordination

  Change from Baseline raw score at 3 months

Study Arms (2)

Sensory Motor Lateralization (SML)

EXPERIMENTAL

This was a group of 8 junior high school students who received SML in school for handwriting difficulty during the 2012-13 School Year. The participants received left eye-and-ear occlusion, fitness exercises, fine motor speed training, and handwriting practice on their right hand only.

Behavioral: SML

Conventional School-Based OT (CON)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

This was a group of 8 junior high school students who received conventional school-based Occupational Therapy service for handwriting difficulty during the 2012-13 School Year. The participants received a like fitness exercises, fine motor speed training, and handwriting practice on their dominant hand instead.

Behavioral: CON

Interventions

SML BEHAVIORAL

SML consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills that preferentially belabor a participant's right eye, ear, hand and leg during therapy.

Also known as: Cerebral Lateralization Intervention

Sensory Motor Lateralization (SML)

CON BEHAVIORAL

CON consists of supervised handwriting practice, fitness exercises, and fine motor speed drills on the participant's dominant hand.

Also known as: Conventional School-Based OT

Conventional School-Based OT (CON)

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Any Special or Regular Education students with Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), OT mandates, and handwriting goals.
• Has Intelligence Quotient (IQ) equal to or above 60.
• Ambulatory.
• Proficient in English, and fluent in naming, identifying, and accessing the sequence of letters in the alphabet.
• The students who attend Physical Therapy (PT), Adaptive Physical Education (PE), and any other programs are included, if the programs being provided are skill-, theme-, or task-oriented, not involving any muscle strengthening activities.

You may not qualify if:

• All are excluded, if the study candidates have any medical condition(s) that would prohibit them from the full physical participation in school.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mary H. Teng: lead

Related Publications (23)

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Related Links

• Bédard, P., Wu, M., \& Sanes, J. N. (2011). Brain Activation Related to Combinations of Gaze Position, Visual Input, and Goal-Directed Hand Movements. Cerebral Cortex, 21(6), 1273-1282.
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• Frey, S. H. (2008). Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain. Archives of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Biological Sciences, 363, 1951-7.
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• Heilman, K. M., Howell, G., Valenstein, E., \& Rothi, L. (1980). Mirror-reading and writing in association with right-left spatial disorientation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 43(9), 774-80.
• Sibley, B. A. and Jennifer L. Etnier, J. L. (2003). The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: A meta-analysis. Review Article. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 243-256.
• Weintraub, N., \& Graham, S. (2000). The contribution of gender, orthographic, finger function, and visual-motor processes to the prediction of handwriting status. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 20(2), 121-140

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Agraphia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Language Disorders; Communication Disorders; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Specific Learning Disorder; Learning Disabilities; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Mary H Teng, MS, OTR

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: In this study, since the Principal Investigator was the intervener to both study groups, and also the data collector, an effort was made to ensure that both the pre- and posttest were administered in the presence of one other Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR) and/or a Physical Therapist, who shared the use of the room with Mrs. Teng, test booklets were encrypted, and, that the participants, parents, test graders (one different OTR to each test instrument), and statisticians were kept blind to the group assignment of each participant.
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 3, 2019
• First Posted: April 4, 2019
• Study Start: September 12, 2012
• Primary Completion: January 4, 2013
• Study Completion: June 12, 2013
• Last Updated: April 9, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF, CSR, ANALYTIC CODE
• Time Frame: I intend to publish this study. I'll make IPD available to other researchers afterwards.
• Access Criteria: I intend to publish this study. I'll make IPD available to other researchers afterwards.