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Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of Measurements Made on Intra-oral Images of the Dental Arches Compared to Those Made on Poured Plaster Models in the Assessment of Tooth-size-arch-length-discrepancy, Bolton's Analysis and Little's Index of Irregularity.
Sponsor study identifier
observational
20
1 country
1
Study Start
June 15, 2018
Actual (reported)Primary Completion
August 19, 2018
Actual (reported)Study Completion
September 15, 2018
Actual (reported)The general trend in the orthodontic practice is to become digital in many aspects. Since 1980s, digital photographs have been available and they play a principal role in the orthodontic practice for documentation and diagnosis purposes. Now photographs have an important role in teaching, scientific research and medical examination. Successful orthodontic treatment is based on a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning. A few of the fundamental factors in the diagnosis are the spacing condition, tooth size, arch form and dimensions, as well as the tooth-arch discrepancies. Intraoral photographs' major role is to enable orthodontists to document and analyze the occlusal relationships as well as the dental and soft-tissue features in order to arrive at a good diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan. In 1975, Robert Little developed Little's irregularity index (LII). The index was proposed to assess teeth irregularity, crowding, relapse, and alignment of anterior teeth as it measured the linear displacements in the horizontal plane between contact points of anterior teeth, ignoring vertical displacement, from mesial surface of one canine to the contra-lateral one. The sum of the 5 liner measurements of displacements was the LII score. The higher the index value, the more severe irregularity of the teeth was. LII has been originally developed for mandibular incisors to study relapse; however, researchers have used it to assess upper and lower incisors irregularity Tooth-size-arch-length discrepancy (TSALD) is widely used on study models to assess the level of harmony between tooth size and the supporting basal bone. Bolton analysis is another important measurement used to identify disharmony between maxillary and mandibular tooth size which is considered an important factor to ensure the success of orthodontic treatment. With the application of the suggested formulas, the overall ratio should be 91.3% (±1.91) and the partial (anterior) ratio should be 77.2% (±1.65). The validity and reliability of performing the above mentioned analyses on images taken of the dental arches have not been evaluated yet in the literature. This is the aim of the current project.
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
September 15, 2018
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June 15, 2018
Actual (reported)August 19, 2018
Actual (reported)August 24, 2018
Actual (reported)August 27, 2018
Actual (reported)September 15, 2018
Actual (reported)Little's Index of Irregularity (LII)
Robert Little developed Little's irregularity index (LII) in 1975. The index has been proposed to assess teeth irregularity, crowding, relapse, and alignment of anterior teeth as it measured the linear displacements in the horizontal plane between contact points of anterior teeth, ignoring vertical displacement, from mesial surface of one canine to the contra-lateral one. The sum of the 5 liner measurements of displacements is considered the LII score. The higher the index value, the more severe irregularity of the teeth is. LII has been originally developed for mandibular incisors to study relapse; however, researchers have used it to assess upper and lower incisors irregularity.
After seven days of taking the impressions of the dental arches. Impressions will be taken in the same day of patient's entry to the cohort.
Partial Bolton's Ratio
Bolton analysis is used to identify disharmony between maxillary and mandibular tooth size which is considered an important factor to ensure the success of orthodontic treatment. With the application of the suggested formula, the partial ratio should be 77.2% (±1.65) The formula is the sum of the mesio-distal widths of the lower six anterior teeth divided by the sum of the mesio-distal widths of the upper six anterior teeth.
After seven days of taking the impressions of the dental arches. Impressions will be taken in the same day of patient's entry to the cohort.
Patients with different types of malocclusion will be included. Plaster models will be fabricated after pouring the impressions with hard gypsum. Then, digital images of the dental arches of each patient will be taken using a dedicated camera with very high resolution. Finally, digital images of models that were poured with gypsum will be taken also with the same camera and in the same conditions.
The impressions taken of the dental arches will be poured with hard gypsum in order to make use of the models for taking measurements. These measurements will be considered the gold standard.
The dental arches will be captured using a dedicated camera in order to be used for measuring the outcomes.
Patients with different levels of malocclusion
Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School
Damascus, DM20AM18, Syria
Almasoud N, Bearn D. Little's irregularity index: photographic assessment vs study model assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Dec;138(6):787-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.01.031.
Jones ML. The Barry Project--a three-dimensional assessment of occlusal treatment change in a consecutively referred sample: the incisors. Br J Orthod. 1990 Feb;17(1):1-19. doi: 10.1179/bjo.17.1.1.
Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975 Nov;68(5):554-63. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(75)90086-x.
Wael Al-Rasheed Omer, DDS
MSc student at the Orthodontic Department, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syria
Amer M Owayda, DDS
MSc student in Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, SYRIA
Mohammad Y Hajeer, DDS MSc PhD
Associate Professor of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, SYRIA
Rashad Murad, DDS MSc PhD
Associate Professor of Toxicology, University of Damascus Pharmacological College, Damascus, Syria
20 participants (actual enrollment reported by the registry).
First Submitted
August 24, 2018
First Posted
August 27, 2018
Study Start
June 15, 2018
Actual (reported)Overall Bolton's Ratio
Bolton analysis is used to identify disharmony between maxillary and mandibular tooth size which is considered an important factor to ensure the success of orthodontic treatment. With the application of the suggested formula, the overall ratio should be 91.3%. The formula is the sum of the mesio-distal widths of the lower twelve teeth divided by the sum of the mesio-distal widths of the upper twelve teeth.
After seven days of taking the impressions of the dental arches. Impressions will be taken in the same day of patient's entry to the cohort.
Tooth-size-arch-length-discrepancy (TSALD)
Tooth-size-arch-length discrepancy (TSALD) is widely used on study models to assess the level of harmony between tooth size and the supporting basal bone. The formula is The sum of mesio-distal widths of all permanent teeth (mesial to the first lower/upper molars) minus the sum of the basal bone length (measured by a specific thread). The result is expressed in mm.
After seven days of taking the impressions of the dental arches. Impressions will be taken in the same day of patient's entry to the cohort.
The poured dental models will be captured using a dedicated camera in order to be used for measuring the outcomes.
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Puneky PJ, Sadowsky C, BeGole EA. Tooth morphology and lower incisor alignment many years after orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod. 1984 Oct;86(4):299-305. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90140-4.
Surbeck BT, Artun J, Hawkins NR, Leroux B. Associations between initial, posttreatment, and postretention alignment of maxillary anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Feb;113(2):186-95. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70291-4.
Tran AM, Rugh JD, Chacon JA, Hatch JP. Reliability and validity of a computer-based Little irregularity index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Mar;123(3):349-51. doi: 10.1067/mod.2003.76. No abstract available.
West AE, Jones ML, Newcombe RG. Multiflex versus superelastic: a randomized clinical trial of the tooth alignment ability of initial arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Nov;108(5):464-71. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70046-3.
Primary Completion
August 19, 2018
Actual (reported)Study Completion
September 15, 2018
Actual (reported)Last Updated
July 18, 2019
Record last verified: 2019-07
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