The Acute Effect of Protein or Carbohydrate Intake on Testosterone Levels and Food Intake in Children and Adolescent Boys

NCT03412136 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 29191
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 34
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute protein and glucose intake on testosterone levels measured in adolescent boys and determine whether changes in testosterone levels are associated with alterations in short-term food intake. It was hypothesized that 1) ingestion of a protein beverage would result in no change of testosterone levels whereas glucose would result in a significant decrease of testosterone levels 60 minutes after ingestion and 2) decreases of testosterone levels as a result of the glucose preload would predict food intake for boys of similar body size. The first objective was to investigate the effect of an acute protein or glucose drink on testosterone levels and the second objective was to determine whether changes of testosterone levels associate with food intake.

Conditions

Appetitive Behavior; Pediatric Obesity

Keywords

Testosterone; Food Intake; Appetite

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Testosterone Change

  The first blood draw was taken prior to ingesting the experimental beverage at baseline (0 minutes). Participants were then given 5 minutes to ingest the beverage, and blood was later obtained 20, 35 and 65 minutes after baseline blood draw. Units were measured in ng/dl.

  0-65 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (9)

• Appetite Biomarkers- Glucose

  0-85 minutes

• Appetite Biomarkers- Glucagon-like peptide-1

  0-85 minutes

• Appetite Biomarkers- Active Ghrelin

  0-85 minutes

• Appetite Biomarkers- Insulin

  0-85 minutes

• Subjective Appetite- Determination to eat

  0-85 minutes

Study Arms (3)

Control

EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Supplement: Control

Glucose

EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Supplement: Glucose

Protein

EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Supplement: Protein

Interventions

Control DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given 5 minutes to ingest the non-caloric beverage which contained 1.5ml of chocolate extract (Vanilla Food Company, Markham, Ontario, Canada) to account for the flavor differences and mixed with 500ml of water and sweetened with 0.2g sucralose (Tate \& Lyle, Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada) in order to match sweetness with the glucose beverage.

Control

Glucose DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given 5 minutes to ingest the beverage which contained either 1g of protein (plain whey-protein isolate; BiPro USA., Eden Prairie, Minnesota, U.S.A) per kg of bodyweight and was flavoured with 1.5ml of chocolate extract (Vanilla Food Company, Markham, Ontario, Canada) to account for the flavor differences and mixed with 500ml of water.

Glucose

Protein DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Participants were given 5 minutes to ingest the beverage which contained 1g of glucose monohydrate (BioShop Canada Inc., Burlington, Ontario, Canada) per kg of bodyweight and flavoured with 1.5ml of chocolate extract (Vanilla Food Company, Markham, Ontario, Canada) to account for the flavor differences and mixed with 500ml of water.

Protein

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 9 Years - 18 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Normal weight and overweight/obese adolescent males (n=34) age 9 to 18 were recruited via print advertisement in the local Toronto newspaper. verweight was categorized as in the 85th-95th percentile and obesity in ≥95th percentile.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• years, healthy, male.

You may not qualify if:

• History of prematurity, chronic illness, were taking any medications known to affect glucose homeostasis, appetite or pubertal development.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Toronto: lead
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada

Location

Related Publications (8)

• Schwartz A, Patel BP, Vien S, McCrindle BW, Anderson GH, Hamilton J. Acute decrease in serum testosterone after a mixed glucose and protein beverage in obese peripubertal boys. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Sep;83(3):332-8. doi: 10.1111/cen.12630. Epub 2014 Nov 27.

  PMID: 25308907 BACKGROUND

• Anderson KE, Rosner W, Khan MS, New MI, Pang SY, Wissel PS, Kappas A. Diet-hormone interactions: protein/carbohydrate ratio alters reciprocally the plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol and their respective binding globulins in man. Life Sci. 1987 May 4;40(18):1761-8. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90086-5.

  PMID: 3573976 BACKGROUND

• Caronia LM, Dwyer AA, Hayden D, Amati F, Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ. Abrupt decrease in serum testosterone levels after an oral glucose load in men: implications for screening for hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Feb;78(2):291-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04486.x.

  PMID: 22804876 BACKGROUND

• Anderson GH, Hunschede S, Akilen R, Kubant R. Physiology of Food Intake Control in Children. Adv Nutr. 2016 Jan 15;7(1):232S-240S. doi: 10.3945/an.115.009357. Print 2016 Jan.

  PMID: 26773031 BACKGROUND

• Konforte D, Shea JL, Kyriakopoulou L, Colantonio D, Cohen AH, Shaw J, Bailey D, Chan MK, Armbruster D, Adeli K. Complex biological pattern of fertility hormones in children and adolescents: a study of healthy children from the CALIPER cohort and establishment of pediatric reference intervals. Clin Chem. 2013 Aug;59(8):1215-27. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.204123. Epub 2013 May 1.

  PMID: 23637248 RESULT

• Du M, Shen QW, Zhu MJ, Ford SP. Leucine stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in C2C12 myoblasts in part through inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. J Anim Sci. 2007 Apr;85(4):919-27. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-342. Epub 2006 Dec 18.

  PMID: 17178807 RESULT

• Caufriez A. The pubertal spurt: effects of sex steroids on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997 Feb;71(2):215-7. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(96)02638-3.

  PMID: 9138969 RESULT

• Schwartz A, Hunschede S, Lacombe RJS, Chatterjee D, Sanchez-Hernandez D, Kubant R, Bazinet RP, Hamilton JK, Anderson GH. Acute decrease in plasma testosterone and appetite after either glucose or protein beverages in adolescent males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Aug;91(2):295-303. doi: 10.1111/cen.14005. Epub 2019 May 16.

  PMID: 31055857 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Appetitive Behavior; Pediatric Obesity

Interventions

Glucose; Proteins

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior, Animal; Behavior; Obesity; Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hexoses; Monosaccharides; Sugars; Carbohydrates; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Masking Details: The experimental beverages contained either 1g of glucose monohydrate (BioShop Canada Inc., Burlington, Ontario, Canada) or 1g of protein (plain whey-protein isolate; BiPro USA., Eden Prairie, Minnesota, U.S.A) per kg of bodyweight. A non-calorie drink was used as control. All beverages were flavoured with 1.5ml of chocolate extract (Vanilla Food Company, Markham, Ontario, Canada) to account for the flavor differences and mixed with 500ml of water. The whey protein and control beverages were sweetened with 0.2g sucralose (Tate \& Lyle, Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada) in order to match sweetness with the glucose beverage.
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Full Professor

Model Details: In a randomized, crossover study, sixteen 9-18 y old males were given beverages containing either: 1) whey protein (1g/kg bodyweight), 2) glucose (1g/kg bodyweight) or a calorie-free control (C). Serum testosterone, appetite biomarkers and subjective appetite were measured prior (0) and at 20, 35 and 65 minutes after the consumption of the beverage. Food intake at an ad libitum pizza meal was assessed 20 min later (65-85min).

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 6, 2018
• First Posted: January 26, 2018
• Study Start: March 8, 2014
• Primary Completion: April 10, 2016
• Study Completion: April 10, 2016
• Last Updated: January 26, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)