Strategies to Promote Skin Health

NCT03237013 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: 2253101
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 219
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of the intended proposed research is to investigate and determine best strategies for preventing skin cancer for emerging adults. To answer this question, the investigators intended to pilot a randomized control trial with three arms: 1) Facial Morphing, 2) Mindfulness, and 3) Treatment as usual. The population from which the sample was drawn from was undergraduate psychology students from a large public university in Southern California, who report recent indoor/outdoor tanning, and intentions for future tanning.

Conditions

Skin Cancer; Skin Cancer Melanoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Basal Cell Carcinoma

Keywords

Sunbathing; Indoor Tanning; Facial Morphing; Skin Cancer Risk

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Number of Indoor Tanning Sessions in the Last 30 Days

  One free-response item measuring intentional indoor frequency in the last 30 days

  1-month assessment

• Number of Outdoor Tanning Sessions in the Last 30 Days

  One free-response item measuring intentional outdoor frequency in the last 30 days

  1-month assessment

• Indoor Tanning Intentions

  A free-response items measuring intentional indoor intentions in the next 30 days.

  Post assessment & 1-month assessment

• Outdoor Tanning Intentions

  A free-response items measuring intentional outdoor intentions in the next 30 days.

  Post Assessment & 1-month assessment

Secondary Outcomes (10)

• Appearance Attitudes to Tan

  Post assessment & 1-month assessment

• Appearance Reasons Not to Tan

  Post assessment and 1-month assessment

• State Body Satisfaction

  Post-assessment

• Trait Body Satisfaction

  1-month assessment

• Appearance Orientation

  1-month assessment

Study Arms (3)

Control (Treatment as Usual only)

NO INTERVENTION

Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.

Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing

EXPERIMENTAL

In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.

Behavioral: Facial Morphing Intervention

Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.

Behavioral: Mindfulness Intervention

Interventions

Facial Morphing Intervention BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.

Also known as: Facial Morphing

Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing

Mindfulness Intervention BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance. For example, participants were instructed to notice their breath, thoughts, feelings, physical sensations, and to internally describe them, without passing judgement

Also known as: Mindfulness

Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• \) aged 18 years old or older
• \) enrolled as a student at the University
• \) engaged in either indoor or outdoor tanning in the last 30 days
• \) intended to tan (indoor or outdoor) in the last 30 days
• \) English speaking

Sponsors & Collaborators

• San Diego State University: lead

Study Sites (1)

San Diego State University

San Diego, California, 92182, United States

Location

Related Publications (8)

• Ashrafioun L, Bonar EE. Tanning addiction and psychopathology: Further evaluation of anxiety disorders and substance abuse. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Mar;70(3):473-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.057. Epub 2013 Dec 25.

  PMID: 24373775 BACKGROUND

• Ramos Diaz NS, Jimenez Jimenez O, Lopes PN. The role of mindfulness in coping with recollections of acute stressors: a laboratory study. Psicothema. 2014;26(4):505-10. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.71.

  PMID: 25340898 BACKGROUND

• Erisman SM, Roemer L. A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion. 2010 Feb;10(1):72-82. doi: 10.1037/a0017162.

  PMID: 20141304 BACKGROUND

• Hillhouse J, Stapleton J, Turrisi R. Association of frequent indoor UV tanning with seasonal affective disorder. Arch Dermatol. 2005 Nov;141(11):1465. doi: 10.1001/archderm.141.11.1465. No abstract available.

  PMID: 16301398 BACKGROUND

• Marchiori D, Papies EK. A brief mindfulness intervention reduces unhealthy eating when hungry, but not the portion size effect. Appetite. 2014 Apr;75:40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.009. Epub 2013 Dec 20.

  PMID: 24361312 BACKGROUND

• Rogojanski J, Vettese LC, Antony MM. Coping with cigarette cravings: Comparison of suppression versus mindfulness-based strategies. Mindfulness, 2(1): 14-26, 2011.

  BACKGROUND

• Williams AL, Grogan S, Buckley E, Clark-Carter D. Men's experiences of an appearance-focussed facial-ageing sun protection intervention: a qualitative study. Body Image. 2013 Mar;10(2):263-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.01.003. Epub 2013 Feb 9.

  PMID: 23402802 BACKGROUND

• Blashill AJ, Rooney BM, Luberto CM, Gonzales M 4th, Grogan S. A brief facial morphing intervention to reduce skin cancer risk behaviors: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Body Image. 2018 Jun;25:177-185. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.04.002.

  PMID: 29698824 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Basal Cell

Interventions

Mindfulness

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Skin Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Nevi and Melanomas; Carcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell; Neoplasms, Basal Cell

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. Aaron Blashill
• Organization: San Diego State University

ajblashill@sdsu.edu

619-594-2245

Study Officials

• Aaron J Blashill, PhD

  San Diego State University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Model Details: At initial visit, participants were screened for study eligibility, consented, and randomized to a study condition. Participants first completed baseline assessment. Following, all participants completed intervention as determined by randomized assignment (i.e., control, facial morphing or mindfulness). At the initial visit, all subjects were assigned a subject ID number. Each subject ID was pre-assigned to a study condition, determined by an online randomization program, prior to recruitment. Each eligible participant had a 1/3 chance to be assigned to each of the three study conditions. Immediately after intervention, participants completed acute assessment, also consisting of self-report questionnaires. At the end of the initial visit, participants provided researchers a valid email address to be sent a subsequent follow-up survey. Approximately one month from the intervention date, participants received and completed the online follow-up survey.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 26, 2017
• First Posted: August 2, 2017
• Study Start: February 18, 2016
• Primary Completion: December 14, 2016
• Study Completion: January 14, 2017
• Last Updated: July 5, 2019
• Results First Posted: July 5, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)