NCT03109210

Brief Summary

This two-site randomized clinical trial will investigate and compare three treatments for insomnia in patients who have been diagnosed with and treated for sleep apnea: online cognitive behavioral therapy (OCBT), therapist-directed cognitive behavioral therapy (TCBT), and standard clinical care. 384 patients will be recruited and will attend up to 15 visits over 10 months. Visits will include baseline assessment, treatment visits, and post-treatment follow-up visits. Visits will involve completion of questionnaires, meeting with therapists, and a physical exam.

Trial Health

75
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
384

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
2mo left

Started Apr 2017

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
active not recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress98%
Apr 2017Jun 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 27, 2017

Completed
16 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 12, 2017

Completed
3 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 15, 2017

Completed
5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 14, 2022

Completed
4.2 years until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 30, 2026

Expected
Last Updated

February 21, 2025

Status Verified

February 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

5 years

First QC Date

March 27, 2017

Last Update Submit

February 20, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score change

    Change in participants' score on the ISI will be measured over baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up visits.

    Symptom remission will be measured at post-treatment visits one and two, approximately 18 and 28 weeks following enrollment.

  • Quebec Sleep Questionnaire (QSQ) score change

    Change in participants' score on the QSQ will be measured over baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up visits.

    Participants will be asked to complete the QSQ at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up visits, at approximately weeks 1, 18, and 28.

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Change in subjective measurement of total sleep time

    Participants will be asked to complete two weeks of sleep diaries at baseline (week 1), post-treatment (weeks 8 and 18), and follow-up visits (months 9 and 12) to measure change in these assessments over time.

  • Change in subjective measurement of sleep efficiency

    Participants will be asked to complete two weeks of sleep diaries at baseline (week 1), post-treatment (weeks 8 and 18), and follow-up visits (months 9 and 12) to measure change in these assessments over time.

  • Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Therapy Adherence

    Adherence data will be collected through study completion, an average of one year.

Study Arms (2)

Standard Care

NO INTERVENTION

Participants randomized to standard care will receive normal follow-up care with their health care provider. This will include routine assessment and adjustment of PAP therapy, and instruction in proper sleep hygiene.

Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

In addition to standard care procedures, participants randomized to the intervention arm will receive up to two sequential treatments. First, participants will receive Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OCBT). Those who meet criteria for remission after this first treatment will continue through follow-up without further treatment. Those who do not will be randomized again to either extended OCBT, or Therapist-directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TCBT).

Behavioral: Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OCBT)Behavioral: Therapist-directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TCBT)

Interventions

Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered via commercial online software.

Also known as: OCBT
Intervention

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy delivered via traditional, in-person interaction with a licensed mental health professional.

Also known as: TCBT
Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • To be included participants must \> 21 years old and:
  • have a diagnosis of OSA with an AHI \> 5 on a diagnostic polysomnogram;
  • accept PAP as primary/sole OSA therapy, been given a prescription for PAP and filled it within the last 3 months, have had an opportunity to use PAP for at least one month, and show mean use of \> 1 hour per night;
  • have a complaint of persistent (i.e., \> 3 months) sleep onset or sleep maintenance difficulties despite having adequate opportunity for sleep and accompanied by significant daytime impairment or distress about poor sleep;
  • an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score \> 10 indicating at least "mild" insomnia; and
  • a sleep onset latency or wake time after sleep onset \> 30 minutes 3 or more nights per week during two weeks of sleep diary monitoring.

You may not qualify if:

  • an untreated psychiatric disorder (e.g., major depression) found on structured interviews as these conditions have specific treatments and it would be inappropriate not to offer those treatments;
  • a lifetime diagnosis of any psychotic or bipolar disorder as sleep restriction for insomnia may precipitate hallucinations and mania;
  • an imminent risk for suicide;
  • alcohol or drug abuse within the past year;
  • terminal illness (e.g., cancer), or neurological degenerative disease (e.g., dementia);
  • current use of medications known to cause insomnia (e.g., stimulants);
  • comorbid narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (score of \>11 in the IRLS), periodic limb movement during sleep (known PLMS with arousal \> 15 per hour), or a circadian rhythm sleep disorder if habitual bedtimes are later than 3:00 AM or rising times are later than 11:00 AM; or
  • consuming \> 2 alcoholic beverages per day on a regular basis; or
  • consuming more than 10 caffeinated beverages per day on a regular basis; or
  • consuming marijuana in any form on a regular basis \>1 time per week, or if used after 4:00 p.m; or
  • change in thyroid medication dosage or received a new prescription for thyroid medication 3 months before the screening visit; or
  • physician-diagnosed or self-reported seizure disorder.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Stanford Univeristy

Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States

Location

National Jewish Health

Denver, Colorado, 80206, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • Eldridge-Smith ED, Manber R, Tsai S, Kushida C, Simmons B, Johnson R, Horberg R, Depew A, Abraibesh A, Simpson N, Strand M, Espie CA, Edinger JD. Stepped care management of insomnia co-occurring with sleep apnea: the AIR study protocol. Trials. 2022 Sep 24;23(1):806. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06753-4.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSleep Apnea, Obstructive

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Disorders, IntrinsicDyssomniasSleep Wake DisordersNervous System DiseasesMental DisordersSleep Apnea SyndromesApneaRespiration DisordersRespiratory Tract Diseases

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
FACTORIAL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 27, 2017

First Posted

April 12, 2017

Study Start

April 15, 2017

Primary Completion

April 14, 2022

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Last Updated

February 21, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations