Retinal Abnormalities as Biomarker of Disease Progression and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease

Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, with alpha-synuclein deposits in neurons which aggregate into Lewy bodies.

is a degenerative neurological disorder. MSA is associated with the degeneration of nerve cells in specific areas of the brain. This cell degeneration causes problems with movement, balance, and autonomic functions of the body such as bladder control or blood-pressure regulation. Neuronal death probably occurs as a consequence of alpha-synuclein aggregation in oligodendroglia.

a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements

causes a progressive decline in mental abilities. It may also cause visual hallucinations, which generally take the form of objects, people or animals that aren't there. This can lead to unusual behavior such as having conversations with deceased loved ones. Another indicator of Lewy body dementia may be significant fluctuations in alertness and attention, which may include daytime drowsiness or periods of staring into space. And, like Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia can result in rigid muscles, slowed movement and tremors.

Pure autonomic failure is dysfunction of many of the processes controlled by the autonomic nervous system, such as control of blood pressure•Blood pressure may decrease when people stand, and they may sweat less and may have eye problems, retain urine, become constipated, or lose control of bowel movements