Assessing the Health Impact of a Combined Water and Sanitation Intervention in Rural Odisha, India

NCT02441699 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: 9071
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 2,940
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This is a matched-cohort study designed to assess the health impact of a rural demand-driven water and sanitation intervention that provides piped treated water and household level pour-flush latrines and bathing rooms, as implemented by Gram Vikas.

Conditions

Diarrhea; Enteric Infection; Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection; Stunting

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Reported diarrhoea in children <5 years

  7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up rounds

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Reported lower respiratory infection in children <5

  7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up rounds

• Diarrhoea among all ages

  7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up roundsits

• Lower respiratory infection among all ages

  7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up roundsts

• Soil-transmitted helminth infection

  Point prevalence assessed in rounds 2 (approximately 90-120 days after study commencement) and 4 (approximately 240 to 360 days after study commencement)

• Height-for-age among children < 2 years

  Assessed approximately every 90 days for a total of four measurement over study period

Study Arms (2)

Intervention group

Rural villages in which Gram Vikas has fully implemented its water supply and sanitation (Mantra) intervention. Intervention villages must: 1) be within 3 hours travel to the study office in Brahmapur, 2) have started the intervention by January 2003, and 3) have completed the intervention by January 2013.

Behavioral: Improved water supply and sanitation

Control group

Rural villages that have been matched with intervention villages on demographics and other criteria. The sampling frame for control villages is limited to those: 1) within 3 hours travel to the study office in Brahmapur, and 2) within Gram Panchayats which do not include an intervention village and are not adjacent to an intervention village, to minimize spillover effects. In addition, both intervention and control villages must appear in the Government of India Census in 2001.

Interventions

Improved water supply and sanitation BEHAVIORAL

Village-level reticulated water supply with distribution to household taps; pour-flush pit latrines.

Intervention group

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Rural householders living in Ganjam district, Orissa, India.

You may qualify if:

• Households in participating villages will be eligible to participate in the study if they have at least one child under 5 years.

You may not qualify if:

• None

Sponsors & Collaborators

• London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine: lead
• Emory University: collaborator
• KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa: collaborator
• Gram Vikas, Bhubanesar, Orissa: collaborator
• Loyola Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa: collaborator
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Sinharoy SS, Reese HE, Praharaj I, Chang HH, Clasen T. Effects of a combined water and sanitation intervention on biomarkers of child environmental enteric dysfunction and associations with height-for-age z-score: A matched cohort study in rural Odisha, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Mar 8;15(3):e0009198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009198. eCollection 2021 Mar.

  PMID: 33684111 DERIVED

• Reese H, Routray P, Torondel B, Sinharoy SS, Mishra S, Freeman MC, Chang HH, Clasen T. Assessing longer-term effectiveness of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, soil-transmitted helminth infection and nutritional status: a matched cohort study in rural Odisha, India. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 1;48(6):1757-1767. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz157.

  PMID: 31363748 DERIVED

• Reese H, Routray P, Torondel B, Sclar G, Delea MG, Sinharoy SS, Zambrano L, Caruso B, Mishra SR, Chang HH, Clasen T. Design and rationale of a matched cohort study to assess the effectiveness of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention in rural Odisha, India. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 31;7(3):e012719. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012719.

  PMID: 28363920 DERIVED

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITH DNA

Stool samples will be collected and divided into two aliquots. One aliquot will be fixed and used for assessing the rate and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection and the second aliquot will be frozen and used to assess biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and enteric infection

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diarrhea; Growth Disorders

Interventions

Sanitation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Pathologic Processes

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Communicable Disease Control; Public Health Practice; Public Health; Environment and Public Health

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 27, 2015
• First Posted: May 12, 2015
• Study Start: April 1, 2015
• Primary Completion: December 1, 2019
• Study Completion: December 1, 2019
• Last Updated: August 21, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-08

Locations

GB (1)