A Study of Tocilizumab (RoActemra/Actemra) in Monotherapy or in Combination With Methotrexate or Other Non-Biologic DMARDs in Participants With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Current Non-Biologic DMARD Therapy or the First Anti-TNF Biologic Agent
ACT-MOVE
Open-Label, Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous (SC) Tocilizumab Monotherapy or Combination Therapy With Methotrexate (MTX) or Other Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Who Have an Inadequate Response to Current Non-Biologic DMARD Therapy or the First Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor (Anti-TNF) Biologic Agent
2 other identifiers
interventional
162
1 country
38
Brief Summary
This open-label study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in participants with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to current non-biologic DMARD therapy or the first anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent. Participants will receive tocilizumab 162 milligrams (mg) subcutaneously once a week for 52 weeks.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P25-P50 for phase_3 rheumatoid-arthritis
Started Mar 2014
38 active sites
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
January 24, 2014
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
January 28, 2014
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
March 4, 2014
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
August 4, 2016
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
August 4, 2016
CompletedResults Posted
Study results publicly available
December 7, 2018
CompletedDecember 7, 2018
May 1, 2018
2.4 years
January 24, 2014
July 5, 2017
May 25, 2018
Conditions
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (15)
Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR) at Week 2
DAS28 was calculated from swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) using 28 joints count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; millimeters per hour \[mm/hour\]), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm Visual Analog Scale \[VAS\] where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR greater than or equal to (≥) 2.6 to less than or equal to (≤) 3.2 implied low disease activity, greater than (\>) 3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and less than (\<) 2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 2
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 4
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 4
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 8
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 8
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 12
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 16
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 16
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 20
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 20
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 24
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 28
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 28
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 32
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 32
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 36
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 36
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 40
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 40
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 44
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 44
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 48
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 48
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Week 52
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, Week 52
Change From Baseline in DAS28-ESR at Early Withdrawal
DAS28 was calculated from SJC and TJC using 28 joints count, ESR (mm/hour), and patient's global assessment of disease activity (measured on a 0 to 100 mm VAS where 0 mm=no disease activity and 100 mm=worst disease activity). DAS28 scores were calculated as \[0.56 Ă— square root of TJC\] + \[0.28 Ă— square root of SJC\] + \[0.70 Ă— natural log (ESR)\] + \[0.014 Ă— VAS\]. Total score range: 0-10, higher score=higher disease activity. DAS28-ESR ≥2.6 to ≤3.2 implied low disease activity, \>3.2 to ≤5.1 implied moderate disease activity, \>5.1 implied high/severe disease, and \<2.6 implied clinical remission.
Baseline, early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
Secondary Outcomes (22)
Number of Participants Achieving an American College of Rheumatology Criteria 20 (ACR20) Response
Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
Number of Participants Achieving an ACR50 Response
Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
Number of Participants Achieving an ACR70 Response
Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
Number of Participants With European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response (Good, Moderate or No Response) Based on DAS28-ESR
Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
Change From Baseline in Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at Early Withdrawal
Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, and at early withdrawal (up to Week 52)
- +17 more secondary outcomes
Study Arms (2)
Tocilizumab Monotherapy
EXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive a weekly SC injection of tocilizumab 162 mg as monotherapy for 52 weeks.
Tocilizumab in Combination With Methotrexate or Other DMARDs
EXPERIMENTALParticipants will receive a weekly SC injection of tocilizumab 162 mg in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs for 52 weeks.
Interventions
Tocilizumab 162 mg will be administered once a week by SC injection and as a single fixed dose, irrespective of body weight, for the treatment duration of 52 weeks.
Treatment with non-biologic DMARDs, at a stable dose that was initiated at least 4 weeks prior to baseline, is permitted during the study. The study protocol does not specify any particular therapy.
Stable oral corticosteroids doses (≤10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) are allowed. The study protocol does not specify any additional detail on types of oral corticosteroids.
Methotrexate per investigator's discretion.
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Active RA according to the revised (1987) ACR criteria or EULAR/ACR (2010) criteria
- Participants who have an inadequate response to current non-biologic DMARD therapy or the first anti-TNF agent (in monotherapy or in combination with MTX or other non-biologic DMARDs). Inadequate response to anti-TNF treatment is defined as DAS28 score improvement of less than 1.2 or participants achieving a DAS28 score improvement of 1.2 but not achieving low disease activity (current DAS28-ESR above 3.2) according to a treat-to-target strategy and have not been previously exposed to treatment with tocilizumab. Inadequate response to non-biologic DMARD therapy will be assessed according to local guidelines and the participants will need to be eligible for biologic therapy according to local guidelines
- Oral corticosteroids (≤10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; up to recommended dose) are permitted if on stable dose regimen for greater than or equal to \[≥\] 4 weeks prior to baseline
- Permitted non-biologic DMARDs are allowed if on stable dose for at least 4 weeks prior to baseline
- Receiving treatment on an outpatient basis, not including tocilizumab
- Females of childbearing potential and males with female partners of childbearing potential must agree to use reliable means of contraception as defined by protocol during the study and for at least 3 months following the last dose of tocilizumab
You may not qualify if:
- Major surgery (including joint surgery) within 8 weeks prior to screening or planned major surgery within 6 months following baseline
- Rheumatic autoimmune disease other than RA
- Functional Class IV as defined by the ACR Classification of Functional Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis or juvenile RA and/or RA before the age of 16
- Prior history of or current inflammatory joint disease other than RA
- Exposure to tocilizumab either intravenous or SC at any time prior to baseline
- Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks (or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug, whichever is longer) of screening
- Intra-articular or parenteral corticosteroids within 4 weeks prior to baseline
- History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to human, humanized or murine monoclonal antibodies
- Known active current or history of recurrent infections
- Major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV antibiotics within 4 weeks of screening or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks of screening
- Active tuberculosis (TB) requiring treatment within the previous 3 years
- Positive for hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection
- Primary or secondary immunodeficiency (history of or currently active)
- Pregnant or lactating women
- +1 more criteria
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
Study Sites (38)
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
Christchurch Hospital; Rheumatology
Bournemouth, BH23 2JX, United Kingdom
Royal Sussex County Hospital; Clinical Investigation Research Unit
Brighton, BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
Queens Hospital
Burton-on-Trent, DE13 0RB, United Kingdom
West Suffolk Hospital
Bury Saint Edmonds, IP33 2QZ, United Kingdom
Addenbrooke'S Hospital; Rheumatology Research Unit
Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
Cannock Chase Hospital; Rheumatology
Cannock, WS11 5XY, United Kingdom
University Hospital of Wales; Dept of Rhematology
Cardiff, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
Broomfield Hospital
Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom
Countess of Chester Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Chester, CH2 1UL, United Kingdom
Dewsbury & District Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Dewsbury, WF13 4HS, United Kingdom
Russells Hall Hospital; Rheumatology Department
Dudley, DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
Ninewells Hospital
Dundee, DD12 9SY, United Kingdom
Eastbourne District General Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Eastbourne, BN21 2UD, United Kingdom
Western General Hospital; Pharmacy Department
Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
Gartnavel General Hospital; Rheumatology
Glasgow, G12 0YN, United Kingdom
Diana Princess of Wales Hosp.
Grimsby, DN33 2BA, United Kingdom
Princess Alexandra Hospital
Harlow, CM20 1QX, United Kingdom
Northwick Park Hospital
Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
Hemel Hempstead General Hospital; Rheumatology Dept
Hemel Hempstead, HP2 4AD, United Kingdom
Hull Royal Infirmary; Rheumatology Department
Hull, HU3 3JZ, United Kingdom
Llandudno General Hospital
Llandudno, LL30 1LB, United Kingdom
Whipps Cross Hospital; Rheumatology Dept
London, E11 1NR, United Kingdom
Royal Free Hospital; Department of Rheumatology
London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
Maidstone Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Maidstone, ME16 9QQ, United Kingdom
Wythenshawe Hospital
Manchester, M23 9QZ, United Kingdom
Freeman Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
North Tyneside General Hospital
North Shields, NE29 8NH, United Kingdom
Norfolk & Norwich Hospital; Rheumatology
Norwich, NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
Integrated Care Centre
Oldham, OL1 1NL, United Kingdom
Solihull Hospital
Solihull, B91 2JL, United Kingdom
Haywood Hospital; Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre
Stoke-on-Trent, ST6 7AG, United Kingdom
Great Western Hospital; Dept of Rheumatology
Swindon, SN3 6BB, United Kingdom
Torbay Hospital; Dept of Rhematology
Torquay, TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom
Royal Cornwall Hospital; Rhuematololgy Dept
Truro, TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom
Warrington Hospital
Warrington, WA5 1QG, United Kingdom
Wrightington Hospital; Rheumatology
Wigan, WN6 9EW, United Kingdom
Wishaw General Hospital
Wishaw, ML2 0DP, United Kingdom
Related Publications (3)
Isaacs JD, Salih A, Sheeran T, Patel YI, Douglas K, McKay ND, Naisbett-Groet B, Choy E. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis over 1 year: a UK real-world, open-label study. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2019 Apr 19;3(1):rkz010. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkz010. eCollection 2019.
PMID: 31431998DERIVEDChoy E, Caporali R, Xavier R, Fautrel B, Sanmarti R, Bao M, Devenport J, Petho-Schramm A. Effects of concomitant glucocorticoids in TOZURA, a common-framework study programme of subcutaneous tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Jun 1;58(6):1056-1064. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key393.
PMID: 30649524DERIVEDChoy E, Caporali R, Xavier R, Fautrel B, Sanmarti R, Bao M, Bernasconi C, Petho-Schramm A. Subcutaneous tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the common-framework phase 4 study programme TOZURA conducted in 22 countries. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Mar 1;57(3):499-507. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex443.
PMID: 29244149DERIVED
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Interventions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Results Point of Contact
- Title
- Medical Communications
- Organization
- Hoffmann-La Roche
Study Officials
- STUDY DIRECTOR
Clinical Trials
Hoffmann-La Roche
Publication Agreements
- PI is Sponsor Employee
- No
- Restriction Type
- OTHER
- Restrictive Agreement
- Yes
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- phase 3
- Allocation
- NON RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- NONE
- Purpose
- TREATMENT
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- INDUSTRY
- Responsible Party
- SPONSOR
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
January 24, 2014
First Posted
January 28, 2014
Study Start
March 4, 2014
Primary Completion
August 4, 2016
Study Completion
August 4, 2016
Last Updated
December 7, 2018
Results First Posted
December 7, 2018
Record last verified: 2018-05