NCT01960075

Brief Summary

The primary objective is to determine the most effective and/or the least effective treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus (SE) among patients older than 2 years. There are three active treatment arms being compared: fosphenytoin (FOS),levetiracetam (LEV), and valproic acid (VPA). The second objective is comparison of three drugs with respect to secondary outcomes. The final objective is to ensure that the trial is informative for treatment of established SE in children by describing the effectiveness, safety, and rate of adverse reactions of these drugs in children.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
478

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for phase_3

Timeline
Completed

Started Oct 2015

Typical duration for phase_3

Geographic Reach
1 country

65 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 8, 2013

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 10, 2013

Completed
2 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 1, 2015

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

February 1, 2019

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 1, 2019

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

February 28, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

June 14, 2021

Status Verified

May 1, 2021

Enrollment Period

3.3 years

First QC Date

October 8, 2013

Results QC Date

December 30, 2019

Last Update Submit

May 19, 2021

Conditions

Keywords

status epilepticus, refractory, benzodiazepine, fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, valproic acid

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Number of Participants With Clinical Cessation of Status Epilepticus - Intention to Treat

    Determined by the absence of clinically apparent seizures and improving consciousness at 1 hour without other anticonvulsant medications. Intention to treat

    Within 60 minutes after the start of study drug infusion

  • Number of Participants With Clinical Cessation of Status Epilepticus - Per-protocol Analysis

    Determined by the absence of clinically apparent seizures and improving consciousness at 1 hour without other anticonvulsant medications. Per-protocol analysis

    Within 60 minutes after the start of study drug infusion

  • Number of Participants With Clinical Cessation of Status Epilepticus - Adjudicated Outcomes Analysis

    Determined by the absence of clinically apparent seizures and improving consciousness at 1 hour without other anticonvulsant medications. The Adjudicated outcomes analysis is different from Outcome measure 1 because a central clinical phenomenology core of four neurologists adjudicated from the medical records the time to seizure cessation, the time in status epilepticus before trial-drug initiation, and the cause of the seizure. For each enrollment, two neurologists from this core group conducted independent initial reviews and then determined a consensus or consulted a third adjudicator, as needed. Adjudicators were unaware of the treatment assignments and made determinations by medical record review.

    Within 60 minutes after the start of study drug infusion

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Number of Participants With Admission to Intensive Care Unit

    Admission to intensive care unit after start of study drug infusion, where the ICU is the initial inpatient unit for the patient

  • Length of ICU Stay

    number of calendar days after the day of ED arrival until hospital discharge or subject end-of-study

  • Minutes From Start of Trial Drug Infusion to Termination of Seizures for Patients With Treatment Success

    start of drug infusion to seizure cessation

  • Number of Participants With Seizure Cessation Within 20 Minutes for Patients With Treatment Success

    within 20 minutes

  • Length of Hospital Stay

    length of hospital stay

Other Outcomes (9)

  • Number of Participants With Safety Outcome: Life Threatening Hypotension

    within 60 minutes of the start of study drug infusion

  • Number of Participants With Safety Outcome: Life-threatening Cardiac Arrhythmia

    within 60 minutes of the start of study drug infusion

  • Number of Participants With Safety Outcome: Endotracheal Intubation

    within 60 minutes of start of study drug infusion

  • +6 more other outcomes

Study Arms (3)

Fosphenytoin (FOS)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Administer 20 mg/Kg fosphenytoin intravenously up to a maximum dose of 1500 mg ( 75 Kg) over 10 minutes. Those weighing more than 75 Kg receive a fixed dose of 1500 fosphenytoin over 10 minutes.

Drug: Fosphenytoin

Valproic acid

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Administer 40 mg/Kg valproic acid intravenously up to a maximum dose of 3000 mg (75 Kg) over 10 minutes. Those weighing more than 75 Kg receive a fixed dose of 3000 valproic acidover 10 minutes.

Drug: Valproic acid

Levetiracetam

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Administer 60 mg/Kg levetiracetam intravenously up to a maximum dose of 4500 mg ( 75 Kg) over 10 minutes. Those weighing more than 75 Kg receive a fixed dose of 4500 levetiracetam over 10 minutes.

Drug: Levetiracetam

Interventions

Fosphenytoin (FOS)
Levetiracetam
Valproic acid

Eligibility Criteria

Age2 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (65)

Banner University Medical Center - South Campus

Tucson, Arizona, 85713, United States

Location

Banner University Medical Center-Tucson Campus

Tucson, Arizona, 85724, United States

Location

Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center

Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States

Location

UC Davis Children's Hospital

Sacramento, California, 95817, United States

Location

San Francisco General Hospital

San Francisco, California, 94110, United States

Location

UCSF Medical Center

San Francisco, California, 94143, United States

Location

UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital

San Francisco, California, 94145, United States

Location

Stanford University Medical Center

Stanford, California, 94305, United States

Location

Christiana Hospital

Newark, Delaware, 19718, United States

Location

A.I.DuPont Hospital for Children

Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, United States

Location

Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20310, United States

Location

Grady Memorial Hospital

Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, United States

Location

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston

Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States

Location

University of Kentucky Hospital

Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, United States

Location

University of maryland Medical Center

Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, United States

Location

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States

Location

C.S. Mott Children's Hospital

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States

Location

University of Michigan Medical Center

Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Michigan

Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States

Location

Detroit Receiving Hospital

Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States

Location

Henry Ford Hospital

Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States

Location

Sinai-Grace Hospital

Detroit, Michigan, 48235, United States

Location

Fairview Southdale Hospital

Edina, Minnesota, 55435, United States

Location

Hennepin County Medical Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55415, United States

Location

University of Minnesota Medical Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55454, United States

Location

University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States

Location

Regions Hospital

Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55101, United States

Location

St. Louis Children's Hospital

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States

Location

Kings County Hospital Center

Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States

Location

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States

Location

Maimonides Medical Center

Brooklyn, New York, 11219, United States

Location

NYP Columbia University Medical Center

New York, New York, 10032, United States

Location

NYP Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital

New York, New York, 10032, United States

Location

University of Cincinnati Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45219, United States

Location

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States

Location

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, 43205, United States

Location

OSU Wexner Medical Center

Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States

Location

Oregon Health & Science University Hospital

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

Crozer-Chester Medical Center

Chester, Pennsylvania, 19013, United States

Location

Penn State Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, United States

Location

Hahnemann University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

Penn Presbyterian Medical Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

Pennsylvania Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States

Location

Temple University Hospital Episcopal Campus

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19125, United States

Location

Temple University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States

Location

Einstein Medical Center

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19141, United States

Location

Allegheny General Hospital

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15212, United States

Location

UPMC Presbyterian Hospital

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States

Location

UPMC Mercy Hospital

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, United States

Location

Hasbro Children's Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States

Location

Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States

Location

Children's Medical Center UTSW

Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States

Location

Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital

Houston, Texas, 77026, United States

Location

Memorial Hermann Texas medical Center

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

University Health System University Hospital

San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States

Location

Primary Children's Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84113, United States

Location

University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, United States

Location

VCU Medical Center

Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States

Location

Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States

Location

Related Publications (11)

  • Bleck T, Cock H, Chamberlain J, Cloyd J, Connor J, Elm J, Fountain N, Jones E, Lowenstein D, Shinnar S, Silbergleit R, Treiman D, Trinka E, Kapur J. The established status epilepticus trial 2013. Epilepsia. 2013 Sep;54 Suppl 6(0 6):89-92. doi: 10.1111/epi.12288.

    PMID: 24001084BACKGROUND
  • Cock HR; ESETT Group. Established status epilepticus treatment trial (ESETT). Epilepsia. 2011 Oct;52 Suppl 8:50-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03237.x.

    PMID: 21967363BACKGROUND
  • Coralic Z, Kapur J, Olson KR, Chamberlain JM, Overbeek D, Silbergleit R. Treatment of Toxin-Related Status Epilepticus With Levetiracetam, Fosphenytoin, or Valproate in Patients Enrolled in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2022 Sep;80(3):194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.04.020. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

  • Rosenthal ES, Elm JJ, Ingles J, Rogers AJ, Terndrup TE, Holsti M, Thomas DG, Babcock L, Okada PJ, Lipsky RH, Miller JB, Hickey RW, Barra ME, Bleck TP, Cloyd JC, Silbergleit R, Lowenstein DH, Coles LD, Kapur J, Shinnar S, Chamberlain JM; Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial Study Group. Early Neurologic Recovery, Practice Pattern Variation, and the Risk of Endotracheal Intubation Following Established Status Epilepticus. Neurology. 2021 May 11;96(19):e2372-e2386. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011879. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

  • Sathe AG, Brundage RC, Ivaturi V, Cloyd JC, Chamberlain JM, Elm JJ, Silbergleit R, Kapur J, Coles LD. A pharmacokinetic simulation study to assess the performance of a sparse blood sampling approach to quantify early drug exposure. Clin Transl Sci. 2021 Jul;14(4):1444-1451. doi: 10.1111/cts.13004. Epub 2021 May 1.

  • Sathe AG, Underwood E, Coles LD, Elm JJ, Silbergleit R, Chamberlain JM, Kapur J, Cock HR, Fountain NB, Shinnar S, Lowenstein DH, Rosenthal ES, Conwit RA, Bleck TP, Cloyd JC. Patterns of benzodiazepine underdosing in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial. Epilepsia. 2021 Mar;62(3):795-806. doi: 10.1111/epi.16825. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

  • Sathe AG, Mishra U, Ivaturi V, Brundage RC, Cloyd JC, Elm JJ, Chamberlain JM, Silbergleit R, Kapur J, Lowenstein DH, Shinnar S, Cock HR, Fountain NB, Babcock L, Coles LD. Early Exposure of Fosphenytoin, Levetiracetam, and Valproic Acid After High-Dose Intravenous Administration in Young Children With Benzodiazepine-Refractory Status Epilepticus. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Jun;61(6):763-768. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1801. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

  • Scicluna VM, Biros M, Harney DK, Jones EB, Mitchell AR, Pentz RD, Silbergleit R, Speight CD, Wright DW, Dickert NW. Patient and Surrogate Postenrollment Perspectives on Research Using the Exception From Informed Consent: An Integrated Survey. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Sep;76(3):343-349. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.03.017. Epub 2020 May 21.

  • Chamberlain JM, Kapur J, Shinnar S, Elm J, Holsti M, Babcock L, Rogers A, Barsan W, Cloyd J, Lowenstein D, Bleck TP, Conwit R, Meinzer C, Cock H, Fountain NB, Underwood E, Connor JT, Silbergleit R; Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network investigators. Efficacy of levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate for established status epilepticus by age group (ESETT): a double-blind, responsive-adaptive, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Apr 11;395(10231):1217-1224. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30611-5. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

  • Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, Barsan W, Cloyd J, Lowenstein D, Shinnar S, Conwit R, Meinzer C, Cock H, Fountain N, Connor JT, Silbergleit R; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2103-2113. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905795.

  • Sathe AG, Tillman H, Coles LD, Elm JJ, Silbergleit R, Chamberlain J, Kapur J, Cock HR, Fountain NB, Shinnar S, Lowenstein DH, Conwit RA, Bleck TP, Cloyd JC. Underdosing of Benzodiazepines in Patients With Status Epilepticus Enrolled in Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2019 Aug;26(8):940-943. doi: 10.1111/acem.13811. Epub 2019 Jul 18. No abstract available.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Status Epilepticus

Interventions

fosphenytoinLevetiracetamValproic Acid

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

SeizuresNeurologic ManifestationsNervous System DiseasesSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

AcetamidesAmidesOrganic ChemicalsAcetatesAcids, AcyclicCarboxylic AcidsPyrrolidinonesPyrrolidinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 1-RingHeterocyclic CompoundsPentanoic AcidsValeratesFatty Acids, VolatileFatty AcidsLipids

Results Point of Contact

Title
Jordan Elm, PhD Biostatistician
Organization
Medical University of South Carolina

Study Officials

  • Jaideep Kapur, MBBS, PhD

    University of Virginia

    STUDY CHAIR
  • Robert Silbergleit, MD

    University of Michigan

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • James Chamberlain, MD

    Children's National Research Institute

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Jordan Elm, PhD

    Medical University of South Carolina

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 3
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: ESETT had 478 enrollments. They were 16 re-enrollers. This was an EFIC trial so all consents happened after treatment and all enrollments went through the same process of consent even if they were re-enrolled. Some information presented here only includes the first 400 patients since there was a prespecified stopping rule and the trial stopped early for futility.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 8, 2013

First Posted

October 10, 2013

Study Start

October 1, 2015

Primary Completion

February 1, 2019

Study Completion

May 1, 2019

Last Updated

June 14, 2021

Results First Posted

February 28, 2020

Record last verified: 2021-05

Locations