The Beneficial Effects of Healthy Snacks on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Reward-driven Eating Behavior in Young People

NCT01781286 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: 00039414
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 37
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of normal vs. protein-rich afternoon snacks on appetite control, satiety, and reward-driven eating (particularly in the evening) in young people. Indices of attention and mood will also be assessed. Study hypotheses include the following:

1. 1.The consumption of a high-protein, soy-rich afternoon snack will lead to significant improvements in appetite control and satiety, reductions in food motivation and reward, and will delay the drive to eat in normal to overweight young people.
2. 2.The consumption of a high-protein, soy-rich afternoon snack will lead to reduced unhealthy, evening snacking, particularly on foods high in fat and/or sugar, in normal to overweight young people.
3. 3.The daily consumption of a high-protein, soy-rich afternoon snack will lead to significant improvements in afternoon alertness, concentration, fatigue, and well-being in normal to overweight young people.

Conditions

Obesity

Keywords

Obesity; Snacking; Appetite; Protein; Soy; Reward driven eating; Satiety

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Time to Dinner Request

  The participants will be asked whether they would like to request a dinner buffet throughout the 5 h post-snack period. When the response is "Yes, I want to eat right now", the time from snack consumption will be recorded.

  1 Day

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Appetite Questionnaires

  0 min, + 30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min, +150 min, +180 min, +210 min, +240 min, +270 min, +300 min

• Snack Palatability and Perception Questionnaires

  5 min

• Attention & Memory Questionnaires

  90 min

• Mood-state Questionnaires

  -30 min, +60 min

• Energy Intake

  +300 min, 24 h

Study Arms (3)

High Protein

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Higher Protein Soy-based Snacks

Behavioral: High Protein

Low Protein

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Typical, Low Protein Snacks

Behavioral: Low Protein

No Snack

NO INTERVENTION

No Snack

Interventions

High Protein BEHAVIORAL

250 kcal; 40% Protein; 40% Carbohydrate; 20% Fat

High Protein

Low Protein BEHAVIORAL

5% Protein; 50% Carbohydrates; 45% Fat

Low Protein

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 13 Years - 19 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Age range 13-19 years
• Normal to overweight (BMI: 50-85th percentile for BMI for age or BMI: 18-29.9 kg/m2)
• No metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions
• Not currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
• Not clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
• Habitually eat (i.e., at least 5 times/week) breakfast between 7:00-9:00 am, lunch between 11:00 am-1:00 pm, an afternoon snack between 2:00-4:00 pm, and dinner
• No food allergies or intolerances to soy products
• Rates the overall liking of the study snack foods higher than "Neither Like nor Dislike" on the screening palatability questionnaire
• Right handed

You may not qualify if:

• Age 12 years or younger, or 20 years or older
• Underweight or Obese (below 50th or above 85th percentile for BMI for age, or BMI below 18 or above 29.9 kg/m2)
• Any metabolic, psychological, or neurological diseases/conditions
• Currently or previously on a weight loss or other special diet (in the past 6 months)
• Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
• Does not habitually eat (i.e., at least 5 times/week) breakfast between 7:00-9:00 am, lunch between 11:00 am-1:00 pm, an afternoon snack between 2:00-4:00 pm, and dinner
• Food allergies or intolerances to soy products
• Does not rate the overall liking of the study snack foods higher than "Neither Like nor Dislike" on the screening palatability questionnaire
• Not right handed

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Missouri-Columbia: lead
• Solae, LLC: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

University of Missouri-Columbia

Columbia, Missouri, 65211, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Leidy HJ, Todd CB, Zino AZ, Immel JE, Mukherjea R, Shafer RS, Ortinau LC, Braun M. Consuming High-Protein Soy Snacks Affects Appetite Control, Satiety, and Diet Quality in Young People and Influences Select Aspects of Mood and Cognition. J Nutr. 2015 Jul;145(7):1614-22. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.212092. Epub 2015 May 20.

  PMID: 25995282 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity

Interventions

Diet, Protein-Restricted

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diet Therapy; Nutrition Therapy; Therapeutics; Diet; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena

Limitations and Caveats

Menstrual cycle was not controlled for within the female participants. However, menstrual cyclicity varied between testing days and between participants, thus, reducing any systematic bias/effect.

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. Heather Leidy
• Organization: University of Missouri

leidyh@health.missouri.edu

(573) 882-4288

Study Officials

• Heather J Leidy, PhD

  University of Missouri-Columbia

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Tenure-track Assistant Professor, Heather J Leidy, PhD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 9, 2013
• First Posted: January 31, 2013
• Study Start: January 1, 2013
• Primary Completion: October 1, 2013
• Study Completion: January 1, 2014
• Last Updated: July 23, 2018
• Results First Posted: July 23, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-07

Locations

US (1)