Saturated Fat Versus Monounsaturated Fat and Insulin Action

NCT01612234 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: R01DK082803
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 70
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

High intakes of saturated fat are associated with diabetes. Our work has shown that the two most common fatty acids in the North American diet, palmitic acid (saturated fat) and oleic acid (monounsaturated fat) are metabolized differently and have opposite effects on fat burning. The proposed study will examine biochemical and molecular mechanisms for how a high saturated fat diet versus a low saturated fat/high monounsaturated fat diet alters the action of the hormone, insulin, in skeletal muscle.

Conditions

Obesity

Keywords

humans; lean; obese; saturated fat; monounsaturated fat; insulin sensitivity; inflammation; oxidant stress

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Whether increased palmitate balance (as measured by intake and the rate of [1-13C]-PA oxidation) causes increased insulin resistance and increased inflammatory signaling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  Insulin sensitivity, inflammatory signaling, palmitate balance, and incomplete oxidation of palmitate in lean and obese young adults.

  up to 4 yr

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• We will examine the link between palmitate intake and balance and oxidative stress measured using muscle and peripheral blood markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses.

  up to 4 yr

Study Arms (2)

High palmitate or high oleate diet.

EXPERIMENTAL

This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.

Dietary Supplement: High palmitate or high oleate diet.

high palmitate or high oleate diet

EXPERIMENTAL

This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.

Dietary Supplement: High palmitate or high oleate diet.

Interventions

High palmitate or high oleate diet. DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

High palmitate diet composition: Fat, 40.4% kcal; palmitic acid, 16.0% kcal; oleic acid,16.2% kcal. High oleate diet composition: Fat, 40.1% kcal; palmitic acid, 2.4% kcal; oleic acid, 28.8% kcal

High palmitate or high oleate diet.; high palmitate or high oleate diet

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• healthy young adults,
• years of age

You may not qualify if:

• regular aerobic exercise training,
• dyslipidemia, and
• type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Vermont: lead

Study Sites (1)

The Unversity of Vermont Clinical Research Center at Fletcher Allen Health Care

Burlington, Vermont, 05401, United States

Location

Related Publications (6)

• Kien CL, Everingham KI, D Stevens R, Fukagawa NK, Muoio DM. Short-term effects of dietary fatty acids on muscle lipid composition and serum acylcarnitine profile in human subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Feb;19(2):305-11. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.135. Epub 2010 Jun 17.

  PMID: 20559306 BACKGROUND

• Kien CL, Bunn JY, Stevens R, Bain J, Ikayeva O, Crain K, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Dietary intake of palmitate and oleate has broad impact on systemic and tissue lipid profiles in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):436-45. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.070557. Epub 2014 Jan 15.

  PMID: 24429541 BACKGROUND

• Kien CL, Bunn JY, Tompkins CL, Dumas JA, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):689-97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051730. Epub 2013 Feb 27.

  PMID: 23446891 RESULT

• Kien CL, Bunn JY, Poynter ME, Stevens R, Bain J, Ikayeva O, Fukagawa NK, Champagne CM, Crain KI, Koves TR, Muoio DM. A lipidomics analysis of the relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in young adults. Diabetes. 2013 Apr;62(4):1054-63. doi: 10.2337/db12-0363. Epub 2012 Dec 13.

  PMID: 23238293 RESULT

• Kien CL, Matthews DE, Poynter ME, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Stevens RD, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Increased palmitate intake: higher acylcarnitine concentrations without impaired progression of beta-oxidation. J Lipid Res. 2015 Sep;56(9):1795-807. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M060137. Epub 2015 Jul 8.

  PMID: 26156077 RESULT

• Kien CL, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Anathy V, Matthews DE, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Pratley RE, Poynter ME. Lipidomic evidence that lowering the typical dietary palmitate to oleate ratio in humans decreases the leukocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines and muscle expression of redox-sensitive genes. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Dec;26(12):1599-606. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.014. Epub 2015 Aug 1.

  PMID: 26324406 RESULT

Related Links

• Description of Kien Lab at the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity; Insulin Resistance; Inflammation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Hyperinsulinism; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Pathologic Processes

Study Officials

• Craig L. Kien, M.D, Ph.D.

  The University of Vermont

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: QUADRUPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: The Mary Kay Davignon Green and Gold Professor, Depts. of Pediatrics and Medicine

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 29, 2012
• First Posted: June 5, 2012
• Study Start: April 1, 2010
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2015
• Study Completion: November 1, 2015
• Last Updated: December 2, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-11

Locations

US (1)