NCT01047527

Brief Summary

The transdermal nicotine patch is the most widely used form of tobacco dependence treatment in the US and Europe, but most smokers are unable to successfully quit with this form of treatment. Failure to respond to this treatment may, to a large extent, be due to the use of nicotine patches for only 8 weeks, the recommended treatment duration. We have found in a controlled randomized clinical trial that using the nicotine patch for 24 weeks can increase quit rates significantly. We propose here a clinical trial to replicate and extend these results to a community setting in the real-world, using the same research design utilized in clinical trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of methadone maintenance therapy for opiate dependence. Specifically, 540 smokers will receive counseling and standard (8-weeks), extended (24-weeks), or maintenance (52 weeks) therapy with transdermal nicotine patches. The main outcome is biochemically-verified smoking cessation at week 52. The cost-effectiveness, safety, and mechanism of effect (e.g., promotion of recovery following a lapse) for maintenance therapy with transdermal nicotine will also be assessed. The study results may change how we treat nicotine dependence with transdermal nicotine.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
525

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_4

Timeline
Completed

Started Jun 2009

Longer than P75 for phase_4

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

June 1, 2009

Completed
7 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

January 11, 2010

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 13, 2010

Completed
4.2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 1, 2014

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 1, 2014

Completed
1.3 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

July 8, 2015

Completed
Last Updated

July 8, 2015

Status Verified

June 1, 2015

Enrollment Period

4.8 years

First QC Date

January 11, 2010

Results QC Date

May 27, 2015

Last Update Submit

June 10, 2015

Conditions

Keywords

nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation, transdermal nicotine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Point Prevalence Abstinence

    self-reported abstinence from smoking for 7 days prior to the assessment and biochemically confirmed with breath carbon monoxide

    52-week

  • Week 24 Point Prevalence Abstinence

    self-reported abstinence from smoking for 7 days prior to the assessment and biochemically confirmed with breath carbon monoxide

    24-week

Study Arms (3)

8 weeks transdermal nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

8 weeks of transdermal nicotine

Drug: Transdermal nicotine patch

24 weeks transdermal nicotine

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

24 weeks of transdermal nicotine

Drug: Transdermal nicotine patch

52 weeks transdermal nicotine

EXPERIMENTAL

52 weeks of transdermal nicotine

Drug: Transdermal nicotine patch

Interventions

Transdermal nicotine, 21mg/day

24 weeks transdermal nicotine52 weeks transdermal nicotine8 weeks transdermal nicotine

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Theodoulou A, Fanshawe TR, Leavens E, Theodoulou E, Wu AD, Heath L, Stewart C, Nollen N, Ahluwalia JS, Butler AR, Hajizadeh A, Thomas J, Lindson N, Hartmann-Boyce J. Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jan 27;1(1):CD015120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015120.pub2.

  • Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Fanshawe TR, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, Hajizadeh A, Lindson N. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 19;6(6):CD013308. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013308.pub2.

  • Schnoll RA, Goelz PM, Veluz-Wilkins A, Blazekovic S, Powers L, Leone FT, Gariti P, Wileyto EP, Hitsman B. Long-term nicotine replacement therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):504-11. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8313.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tobacco Use DisorderSmoking Cessation

Interventions

Tobacco Use Cessation Devices

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Substance-Related DisordersChemically-Induced DisordersMental DisordersHealth BehaviorBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Therapeutics

Limitations and Caveats

Lack of placebo; low adherence to nicotine patches; nicotine patches are not the most effective treatment for nicotine dependence; participant attrition was high.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Robert Schnoll
Organization
University of Pennsylvania

Study Officials

  • Brian Hitsman, PhD

    Northwestern University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 4
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

January 11, 2010

First Posted

January 13, 2010

Study Start

June 1, 2009

Primary Completion

April 1, 2014

Study Completion

April 1, 2014

Last Updated

July 8, 2015

Results First Posted

July 8, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-06

Locations