Brain Encoding for Memory

NCT00051870 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: 03008103-N-0081
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 50
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This two-part study will use transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS (see below), to explore how the brain forms memories. People remember only some of the events they experience every day, such as faces they perceive, words they read, speech they hear and interpret, and so forth. The events remembered are those that have been saved or formed in the brain. Part 1 of this study involves testing materials for Part 2, the TMS experiment. Part 2 uses TMS to examine what parts of the brain are involved in forming memories. Information gained from this study may be used in developing methods of enhancing memory in both healthy people and in patients with memory impairments. Healthy right-handed volunteers between 18 and 35 years of age may be eligible for this study. Candidates may be screened with a medical interview and physical examination and a brief test of short- and long-term visual and verbal memory. Eligible volunteers may participate in Part 1 or Part 2 of the study, as follows: Part 1 - Preparation of Words and Picture Materials Participants look at several words or shapes that appear in random order on a computer screen and try to remember them as well as possible for a memory test that will be given 20 minutes later. Each image appears on the screen for 3/4 of a second, with 1-1/4-second intervals between them. For the test, words and shapes are again shown on the computer screen at the same timing and intervals. When the items appear, the subject presses one of three buttons as quickly as possible, determining if he or she has recognized the items with a high or low level of confidence. The entire procedure lasts up to 1 hour, with breaks in between. The purpose of this experiment is to find appropriate words and pictures to use as stimuli in the TMS study described below. Part 2 - TMS Experiment For TMS, the subject sits in a comfortable chair. An insulated wire coil is placed on the scalp, and brief electrical currents are passed through the coil, creating magnetic pulses that stimulate the brain. The pulses may cause a pulling sensation on the skin under the coil and twitching in muscles of the arm or leg. Electrodes are taped to the skin over some muscles of the hands to record the electrical activity of the muscles. Pulses are delivered in trains or short bursts of impulses, each lasting half a second. Participants receive 90 trains for a total of 900 pulses. TMS is applied during the first part of the memory study, when the words and shapes are first presented on the computer screen, but not during the second presentation for memory testing. The entire procedure takes up to 2 hours, with breaks in between. Before the TMS session, participants undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine where to place the coil for TMS. For MRI, the subject lies still for up to 30 minutes at a time on a table that slides into the scanner, a narrow metal cylinder surrounded by a strong magnetic field. Earplugs are worn to muffle loud knocking sounds that occur while the scanner takes pictures. Subjects can communicate with the MRI staff at all times and can ask to stop the procedure at any time.

Conditions

Healthy

Keywords

Verbal Memory; Inhibition; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Cortical Excitability; Nonverbal Memory

Interventions

Magstim Rapid Magnetic Stimulator DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy right handed volunteers, aged 18-35 years, will be included in this protocol.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): lead

Study Sites (1)

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Squire LR, Knowlton B, Musen G. The structure and organization of memory. Annu Rev Psychol. 1993;44:453-95. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002321. No abstract available.

  PMID: 8434894 BACKGROUND

• Tulving E, Markowitsch HJ, Craik FE, Habib R, Houle S. Novelty and familiarity activations in PET studies of memory encoding and retrieval. Cereb Cortex. 1996 Jan-Feb;6(1):71-9. doi: 10.1093/cercor/6.1.71.

  PMID: 8670640 BACKGROUND

• Kapur S, Tulving E, Cabeza R, McIntosh AR, Houle S, Craik FI. The neural correlates of intentional learning of verbal materials: a PET study in humans. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1996 Nov;4(4):243-9. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(96)00058-4.

  PMID: 8957565 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Inhibition, Psychological

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Sponsor Type: NIH

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 16, 2003
• First Posted: January 17, 2003
• Study Start: January 1, 2003
• Study Completion: January 1, 2005
• Last Updated: March 4, 2008

Record last verified: 2005-01

Locations

US (1)