NCT00007475

Brief Summary

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a renal syndrome characterized by proteinuria (usually nephrotic range), limited response to conventional therapy, and a poor renal prognosis, with progression to end stage renal failure in at least 50% of patients. As a syndrome, FSGS likely has many specific etiologies, only a few of which are well-defined. Recently, it has been suggested that some idiopathic FSGS patients have elevated circulating levels of a protein that induces glomerular permeability in vitro and in vivo. While there has been no consistent term for this factor, it will be termed here FSGS permeability factor (FPF). The purposes of the present study are five fold:

  1. 1.To identify a population of FSGS patients with elevated FPF levels
  2. 2.To examine RNA expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in FSGS patients with elevated FPF levels
  3. 3.To define the kinetics of FPF disappearance and reappearance in FSGS patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy and in the case of patients with recurrent FSGS following renal transplant, those receiving plasma exchange
  4. 4.To identify immunosuppressive agents which are successful in inducing sustained reduction in FPF levels
  5. 5.To determine in patients with FSGS who are awaiting renal transplant, whether sustained reduction in FPF levels is associated with reduced risk of recurrent FSGS.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
15

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for phase_1

Timeline
Completed

Started Dec 2000

Longer than P75 for phase_1

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

December 1, 2000

Completed
21 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 22, 2000

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 25, 2000

Completed
13.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 1, 2014

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2014

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

February 10, 2016

Completed
Last Updated

February 10, 2016

Status Verified

February 1, 2016

Enrollment Period

13.5 years

First QC Date

December 22, 2000

Results QC Date

June 19, 2015

Last Update Submit

February 8, 2016

Conditions

Keywords

Plasma ExchangeCyclophosphamideProteinuriaHemodialysisExpression Profiling

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Reduction in Proteinuria in Recurrent FSGS Following Renal Transplant With Plasma Exchange and Cyclophosphamide.

    Outcomes for FSGS occurring in native kidneys: A. Complete remission: proteinuria \<0.3 g/d ; B. Partial remission: proteinuria between 0.3 and 2 g/d ; C. Incomplete response: proteinuria between 2 and 3.5 g/d ; D. Relapse: return to proteinuria ≥3.5 g/d ; Note that counts within each category A-D may be summarized relative to remaining categories, as a proportion (relative to complement of the whole group count) with calculations implicitly based on zero/one valued binary variables, whose means are proportions, so to report 95% confidence intervals calculated using an exact binomial distribution.

    every 3 months up to a year followed with native kidneys

Secondary Outcomes (4)

  • Comparison of RNA Expression Profiles in PBMC From Patients With FPF, Without FPF and Control Subjects

    End of study

  • Define the Kinetics of FPF in FSGS Patients Receiving Immunomodulatory Therapy or Plasma Exchange.

    End of study

  • Correlate the Effect of Immunosuppressive Agents Which Reduce Proteinuria in Recurrent FSGS With the Effect on FPF Levels

    End of study

  • Determine Whether Renal Transplantation in Patients Whose Elevated FPF Levels Have Been Reduced for a Sustained Period is Associated With a Reduced Prevalence of Recurrent FSGS.

    End of study

Study Arms (1)

Plasma Exchange + Cyclophosphamide

EXPERIMENTAL

Procedure/Surgery: Plasma exchange A course of plasma exchange of 5 treatments over 10 days, then administration of cyclophosphamide. Drug: Cyclophosphamide For GFR \> 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 received oral cyclophosphamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg/ day for 3 months. For GFR \< 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 but \> 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 will receive oral cyclophosphamide at a 25% reduced dose or 1.5 mg/kg/d for 3 months.

Procedure: Plasma exchangeDrug: Cyclophosphamide

Interventions

A course of plasma exchange of 5 treatments over 10 days, then administration of cyclophosphamide.

Also known as: Plasmapheresis
Plasma Exchange + Cyclophosphamide

For GFR \> 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 received oral cyclophosphamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg/ day for 3 months. For GFR \< 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 but \> 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 will receive oral cyclophosphamide at a 25% reduced dose or 1.5 mg/kg/d for 3 months.

Also known as: Cytophosphane
Plasma Exchange + Cyclophosphamide

Eligibility Criteria

Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Patients with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on renal biopsy, including the following categories:
  • A) Untreated FSGS
  • B) Steroid-dependent FSGS
  • C) Steroid resistant FSGS
  • D) Recurrent FSGS, with functioning allograft
  • E) FSGS in ESRD, receiving hemodialysis
  • Adults greater than or equal to18 will be eligible for all studies.
  • Children greater than 20 kilograms, will be eligible for all branches of the study except for treatment of steroid resistant FSGS with pirfenidone, as pirfenidone has not previously been administered to pediatric patients in any setting. Children less than 20 kilograms will be excluded from the study for the following reason: plasma exchange in patients less than 20 kilograms requires a red blood cell transfusion, which significantly increases the risk of the procedure by exposing the patient to the risk of transfusion associated infections, and the safety of an aggressive course of plasma exchange has not been established in this population.

You may not qualify if:

  • Secondary FSGS: HIV-associated FSGS or hyperfiltration FSGS, including FSGS associated with congenital renal abnormalities, renal mass reduction, reflux nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, and sickle cell anemia are excluded.
  • Patients with disease associated with immunosuppression, other than chronic renal failure.
  • The presence of malignancy or the history of other serious, complicating illness such as myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in the past six months, at the discretion of the investigators.
  • For plasma exchange: A Department of Transfusion Medicine consultant will evaluate all potential plasma exchange patients. Those with prolonged PT, PTT, platelet count less than 100,000 or receiving anticoagulant therapy will undergo plasma exchange only if the consultant considers this to be safe.
  • For prednisone: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (requiring greater than 100 units of insulin/day with the concurrence of the Endocrinology consultant), active infection including hepatitis B or C (if that is the advice of the Hepatology consultant), infection with HIV (as these patients are at increased risk of avascular necrosis), other active infection (if that is the advice of the Infectious Disease consultant), history of avascular necrosis or bone densitometry indicating bone mass less than 2SD below normal, active ulcer disease, history of steroid-induced psychosis, morbid obesity, positive PPD or history of past positive PPD without adequate treatment are excluded.
  • For Cyclophosphamide:
  • A) Allergy or hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide
  • B) Leukocyte less than 3000 cells/microliter or ANC less than 1500 cells/microliter or evidence of bone marrow compromise
  • C) Prior irradiation to the heart or therapy with doxorubicin or other cardiotoxic medication (may increase the risk for cardiotoxicity)
  • D) Peritoneal dialysis, as there is no published evidence that cyclophosphamide metabolites can be safely removed.
  • E) Certain drugs will be used with caution or avoided. Barbiturates and phenytoin induce the hepatic enzymes that metabolize cyclophosphamide and therefore if these medications are required, cyclophosphamide doses may need to be increased to achieve a comparable immunosuppressive effect. Drugs that inhibit cyclophosphamide metabolism include allopurinol, imipramine, and phenothiazines, chloramphenicol and chlorpromazine; these drugs will be avoided. NSAID increase the risk of hyponatremia; these drugs will be avoided.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Korbet SM. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 Jul;9(7):1333-40. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V971333. No abstract available.

    PMID: 9644647BACKGROUND
  • Cameron JS. Recurrent renal disease after renal transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994 Nov;3(6):602-7. doi: 10.1097/00041552-199411000-00007.

    PMID: 7881983BACKGROUND
  • Valeri A, Barisoni L, Appel GB, Seigle R, D'Agati V. Idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a clinicopathologic study. Kidney Int. 1996 Nov;50(5):1734-46. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.493.

    PMID: 8914044BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal SegmentalProteinuria

Interventions

Plasma ExchangePlasmapheresisCyclophosphamide

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

GlomerulonephritisNephritisKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesMale Urogenital DiseasesUrination DisordersUrological ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Blood TransfusionBiological TherapyTherapeuticsBlood Component RemovalSorption DetoxificationExtracorporeal CirculationSurgical Procedures, OperativePhosphoramide MustardsNitrogen Mustard CompoundsMustard CompoundsHydrocarbons, HalogenatedHydrocarbonsOrganic ChemicalsPhosphoramidesOrganophosphorus Compounds

Limitations and Caveats

Note: definitive FSGS Permeability Factor (FPF) assays still in development. Data/samples transferred to the NIH-CC Glomerulosclerosis Consolidation protocol: focus on cardiotrophin like cytokine 1 \& antibodies to a panel of podocyte proteins as FPF.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Jeffrey B. Kopp, MD
Organization
National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases

Study Officials

  • Jeffrey B Kopp, M.D.

    National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
Yes

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 1
Allocation
NA
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Sponsor Type
NIH
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 22, 2000

First Posted

December 25, 2000

Study Start

December 1, 2000

Primary Completion

June 1, 2014

Study Completion

June 1, 2014

Last Updated

February 10, 2016

Results First Posted

February 10, 2016

Record last verified: 2016-02

Locations