The Effect of Custom 3D Printed Insoles and Short Foot Exercises on Foot Posture, Balance, and Gait Parameters in Individuals With Pes Planus
Sponsor study identifier
Secondary identifiers
OTHER_GRANT · Kutahya Health Sciences University Scientific Research Projects Unit
interventional
54
1 country
1
Study Start
October 26, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Primary Completion
October 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Study Completion
December 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of combining custom 3D-printed medial arch-supported insoles with short foot exercises on foot posture, balance, and gait parameters in individuals with pes planus (flat feet). Furthermore, the study will investigate the impact of this combined intervention on secondary outcomes, including pain levels, health-related quality of life, and functional exercise capacity measured by the 6-Minute Walk Test.
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
December 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
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Dates and qualifiers reported by the registry. Estimated dates do not confirm that a milestone has occurred.
October 19, 2026
Actual (reported)October 26, 2026
Actual (reported)October 26, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
October 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
December 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6)
Assesses foot posture across 6 criteria. Total scores range from -12 (highly supinated) to +12 (highly pronated).
Baseline and 8 Weeks
Navicular Drop Test (NDT)
Assesses medial longitudinal arch height difference (in mm) between seated (non-weight bearing) and standing (weight bearing) positions. Higher values indicate increased pronation.
Baseline and 8 Weeks
Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (MSEBT)
Evaluates dynamic balance by measuring the maximum reach distance (in cm) in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral.
Baseline and 8 Weeks
Spatiotemporal Gait and Plantar Pressure Parameters
Evaluated using the Zebris system. Includes gait speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min), stride length (cm), stance percentage (%), and plantar pressure parameters (e.g., peak pressure, contact area).
Baseline and 8 Weeks
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Baseline and 8 Weeks
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
Baseline and 8 Weeks
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Modified Borg Scale
Baseline and 8 Weeks
All participants in this group will receive custom 3D printed insoles and perform a short foot exercise program.
The intervention consists of a combined biomechanical and active rehabilitation approach for individuals with pes planus: 1. Custom 3D Printed Insoles: The participants' feet will be 3D scanned, and custom insoles will be manufactured using 3D printing technology. Participants will be recommended to use these personalized insoles during their daily activities for a total of 8 weeks. 2. Short Foot Exercises (SFE): Participants will perform a short foot exercise (foot core / intrinsic muscle) program aimed at increasing intrinsic foot muscle activation. The exercise protocol will be performed daily for 8 weeks, with each repetition held for five seconds.
Kutahya Health Science University
Kütahya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Emrah Afsar, Phd
Kutahya Health Science University
First Submitted
October 19, 2026
First Posted
October 26, 2026
Study Start
October 26, 2026
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Primary Completion
October 26, 2027
Investigation of the Effects of Short Foot Exercise and Mobilization in Young Adults With Pes Planus
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Planned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Study Completion
December 26, 2027
EstimatedPlanned date reported by the registry; this milestone is not confirmed as achieved.
Last Updated
October 26, 2026
Record last verified: 2026-10
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