The Effectiveness of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in Individuals With Pes Planus

NCT07229079 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: FBYDRTEZ
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 50
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study investigates whether adding Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) to Short Foot Exercises (SFE) improves pes planus, balance, and body awareness in adults with flexible pes planus. Fifty participants aged 18-45 will be randomly assigned to either a BBAT + SFE group or an SFE-only control group. The interventions will last eight weeks with supervised sessions twice weekly and additional home exercises. Outcomes will be measured before, after, and two months post-intervention.

Conditions

Pes Planus

Keywords

Short Foot Exercises (SFE); Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT); Pes Planus; Balance; Proprioception; Flatfoot

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Navicular Drop Test

  Assessment of medial longitudinal arch height to determine presence and severity of pes planus. Test performed in both sitting (non-weight-bearing) and standing (weight-bearing) positions. Difference ≥10 mm indicates pes planus.

  Baseline (pre-intervention), post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months after intervention)

• Dynamic Balance

  Y Balance Test measuring reach distance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Results normalized to leg length.

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Proprioception

  Active and passive joint position sense of the ankle measured with digital goniometer. Eyes closed; angular error from target angle recorded.

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Light Touch Sensation

  Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test at seven foot reference points. Threshold of sensation recorded.

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Foot Function Index - Pain Subscale

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Foot Function Index - Disability Subscale

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Foot Function Index - Activity Limitation Subscale

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Foot Function Index - Total Score

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

• Static Balance

  Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)

Study Arms (2)

BBAT Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive Short Foot Exercises (SFE) plus Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT).

Behavioral: Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT); Behavioral: Short Foot Exercises (SFE)

Control Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive only Short Foot Exercises (SFE).

Behavioral: Short Foot Exercises (SFE)

Interventions

Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) BEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) combined with SFE for 8 weeks. BBAT sessions are 45 minutes, twice weekly in small groups under a certified physiotherapist. Exercises target postural control, motor coordination, body awareness, balance, and functional movement, progressing from supine to sitting, standing, and walking positions. After each BBAT session, participants perform SFE following the same progression as the Control Group.

BBAT Group

Short Foot Exercises (SFE) BEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform Short Foot Exercises (SFE) for 8 weeks. Sessions are twice weekly under physiotherapist supervision in small groups (3-8 participants) and 5 days/week at home. Exercises progress from sitting (weeks 1-2), standing (weeks 3-4), single-leg (weeks 5-6), to functional activities (weeks 7-8). Each session lasts \~20 minutes, 3 sets of 10 reps with 1-minute rest. Participants receive instruction on proper technique and adherence is monitored online

BBAT Group; Control Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18-45 years
• Willing to participate in the study
• Flexible pes planus (Navicular Drop ≥10 mm and positive Jack's Toe Raise Test)

You may not qualify if:

• Pain in lower extremity joints
• Obesity (BMI \>30)
• Pregnancy
• Systemic, neuromuscular, or neurological disorders
• Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (unable to perform heel-rise test)
• History of lower limb surgery
• Previous treatment for pes planus or use of foot orthoses
• Lower extremity injury in past 6 months
• Orthopedic conditions other than pes planus and mild hallux valgus (Manchester Scale C or D excluded)
• Participation in regular exercise program in past 6 months
• Prior personal experience with TBFT and/or short foot exercises

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mardin Artuklu University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Mardin Artuklu University

Mardin, Mardi̇n, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Flatfoot

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Talipes; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Foot Deformities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Congenital Abnormalities; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities

Study Officials

• Fatma Betül Yardımcı, MSc

  Mardin Artuklu University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Fatma Betül Yardımcı

CONTACT

+905063196665; fatmabetulyardimci@gmail.com

Bahar Anaforoglu

CONTACT

+905057421220; anaforoglub@hotmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: RESEARCH ASSISTANT

Model Details: Participants are randomly assigned to either the Control Group (Short Foot Exercises only) or the Experimental Group (BBAT + SFE) in parallel arms for comparison.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 13, 2025
• First Posted: November 14, 2025
• Study Start: January 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2025
• Study Completion: December 1, 2025
• Last Updated: November 17, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)