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Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Peak Plantar Pressure
Static and dynamic peak plantar pressure assessed using baropodometric analysis to evaluate changes in plantar loading.
Baseline (before the intervention) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks of training).

Secondary Outcomes (1)

Postural Balance Tracking
Baseline (before the intervention) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks of training).

Other Outcomes (3)

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Height
Baseline (before the intervention) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks of training).
Eccentric Rate of Force Development (RFD)
Baseline (before the intervention) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks of training).
20-Meter Sprint Time
Baseline (before the intervention) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks of training).

Study Arms (3)

Group P1-R2

EXPERIMENTAL

Pediatric football players with flexible flatfoot who undergo a combined training program consisting of 4 weeks of plyometric training (Phase 1) followed by 4 weeks of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (Phase 2), performed 3 times per week for a total of 8 weeks.

Behavioral: Plyometric Training

Group R1-P2

EXPERIMENTAL

A separate group of pediatric football players with flexible flatfoot who undergo the inverse sequence: 4 weeks of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (Phase 1) followed by 4 weeks of plyometric training (Phase 2), performed 3 times per week for a total of 8 weeks.

Behavioral: Plyometric Training

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Interventions

Plyometric TrainingBehavioral

Jump and plyometric exercises performed 3 times per week for a total duration of 4 weeks. This intervention is implemented during Phase 1 for Group P1-R2 and during Phase 2 for Group R1-P2.

Group P1-R2Group R1-P2

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Eligibility Criteria

Age9 Years - 12 Years

Sexmale

Healthy VolunteersNo

Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

Participants were required to be actively practising youth football players aged between 9 and 12 years with a clinically and podographically confirmed diagnosis of bilateral flexible flatfoot according to the study's predefined diagnostic criteria.

You may not qualify if:

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Flatfoot

Interventions

Plyometric Exercise

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

TalipesFoot Deformities, AcquiredFoot DeformitiesMusculoskeletal DiseasesFoot Deformities, CongenitalLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalLimb Deformities, CongenitalMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesCongenital AbnormalitiesCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Design

Study Type

interventional

Phase

not applicable

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Masking

SINGLE

Who Masked

OUTCOMES ASSESSOR

Masking Details

The investigators, trainers, and pediatric participants were not masked to the training assignments due to the nature of the physical exercises. However, the outcomes assessor responsible for conducting the baropodometric, neuromuscular, and sprint evaluations was completely blinded to each participant's group allocation during all post-intervention testing sessions to prevent assessment bias.

Purpose

TREATMENT

Intervention Model

SINGLE GROUP

Model Details: This study utilizes a three-arm parallel group design to investigate the effects of exercise sequencing within a combined training program. Although the experimental groups are named after the order of their training components (plyometric-first vs. intrinsic foot muscle-first), participants remain within their randomly assigned group for the entire 8-week duration. The total intervention is structurally divided into two consecutive 4-week phases for both experimental arms, while the control group concurrently maintains habitual training, ensuring a direct parallel comparison of the two distinct sequences against a control baseline.

Sponsor Type

OTHER

Responsible Party

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

PI Title

Assistant Professor

Plyometric vs. Intrinsic Foot Muscle Training in Pediatric Flatfoot

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Study Timeline

Study Start

Primary Completion

Study Completion

First Submitted

First Posted

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

Other Outcomes (3)

Study Arms (3)

Group P1-R2

Group R1-P2

Control Group

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

You may not qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Interventions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Related Scientific Literature

Study Timeline

Study Start

Primary Completion

Study Completion

First Submitted

First Posted

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

Other Outcomes (3)

Study Arms (3)

Group P1-R2

Group R1-P2

Control Group

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

You may not qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Interventions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Study Officials

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations