Learning Styles, Academic Achievement, Confidence, and Educational Environment in Sports Science Students

NCT07815405 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: LS-SSE-2026-01
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 265
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships between learning styles, academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment among undergraduate sports science students. The study also examined whether academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment differed according to students' learning style preferences. Undergraduate students enrolled in sports science programs at multiple higher education institutions in Turkey participated in the study. Participants completed a one-time online survey including demographic and academic information, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III, an academic confidence questionnaire, and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Academic achievement was assessed using self-reported grade point average categories. No intervention, treatment, laboratory procedure, biological sampling, or invasive assessment was performed. The collected data were analyzed to examine associations among learning styles, academic achievement, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment. Statistical and machine-learning methods were also used to explore predictors of academic achievement.

Conditions

Learning Styles; Academic Achievement; Academic Confidence; Educational Environment

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Academic Achievement

  Academic achievement was assessed using participants' self-reported grade point average (GPA). GPA was recorded as an ordinal variable using five categories: 0.00-1.99, 2.00-2.49, 2.50-2.99, 3.00-3.49, and 3.50-4.00. Higher GPA categories indicate higher academic achievement.

  Day 1

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Learning Style Assessed Using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III

  Day 1

• Academic Confidence Assessed Using a 12-Item Academic Confidence Questionnaire

  Day 1

• Perception of the Educational Environment Assessed Using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM)

  Day 1

Study Arms (1)

Undergraduate Sports Science Students

Undergraduate sports science students aged 18 years or older who voluntarily participated in the cross-sectional study. Participants completed an online survey assessing demographic and academic characteristics, learning styles, academic confidence, and perceptions of the educational environment. All participants were evaluated at a single time point, and no intervention or longitudinal follow-up was performed.

Other: Questionnaire-Based Assessment

Interventions

Questionnaire-Based Assessment OTHER

Participants completed a one-time online questionnaire-based assessment including demographic and academic information, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory III, an academic confidence questionnaire, and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Academic achievement was assessed using self-reported grade point average categories. These instruments were used solely for observational assessment purposes. No therapeutic, behavioral, pharmacological, device-based, or invasive intervention was administered, and participants were not assigned to any intervention.

Undergraduate Sports Science Students

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of undergraduate students enrolled in sports science programs at multiple higher education institutions in Türkiye. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older and voluntarily completed a one-time online survey. Students from different academic years and sports science departments were included. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling.

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18 years or older.
• Currently enrolled as an undergraduate student in a sports science-related program.
• Able to read and understand Turkish.
• Willing to participate voluntarily and provide electronic informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Failure to provide electronic informed consent.
• Incomplete or internally inconsistent questionnaire responses.
• Duplicate survey submissions.
• Missing or invalid information regarding the participant's institution.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul Gelisim University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Istanbul Gelisim University

Istanbul, Istanbul, 34310, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Director

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 3, 2026
• First Posted: September 11, 2026
• Study Start: July 30, 2026
• Primary Completion: August 13, 2026
• Study Completion: August 13, 2026
• Last Updated: September 11, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-09

Locations

TU (1)