Bone Models Printed With 3D Printer

NCT07798739 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: AIBU-FTR-TKB-002
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 106
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aimed to compare 3D-printed bone models produced using different infill densities and resin colors in terms of weight, anatomical accuracy, level of detail, texture quality, and similarity to real anatomical bone, and to determine the effects of infill density and resin color on perceived anatomical realism.

Conditions

Educational Problems

Keywords

resin; model; 3D printer; anatomy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Visual Analog Scale

  The scale is 10 cm. A value of 0 indicates that the model is not similar to the real thing, while a value of 10 indicates that it is identical to the original model.

  once

Study Arms (1)

single group

Participants were asked to examine the structures of real bone models and 3D models printed in different colors in a laboratory setting, and to compare and evaluate the 3D models printed in different colors with the originals. The evaluation was done using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) consisting of 4 questions about the weight, anatomical accuracy, level of detail, and texture quality of the model. Participants were asked to mark their results on a 10 cm straight line. A VAS score of 0 indicated that the model did not resemble real bone, while a score of 10 indicated that it was identical to the original model.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

healthy population

You may qualify if:

• Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent
• Undergraduate students who have taken anatomy courses

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals with a history of traumatic injury to the upper extremity within the last three months
• Sensory deficit in one hand, or scar tissue on the fingertips

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Abant Izzet Baysal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bolu BAant İzzet Baysal University

Bolu, Bolu, 14030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Kurul R, Inal B, Diramali M, Ozer H, Erdogan KE. Evaluating the educational impact of tomography-based high-resolution 3D-printed distal radius fracture models. BMC Med Educ. 2025 Dec 24;25(1):1706. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08164-w.

  PMID: 41444874 BACKGROUND

• Kurul R, Özdemir D, Erdoğan KE. Can high resolution 3D resin printed models be used in anatomy education? A randomized controlled trial. Anatomy. 2022;16(3):179-84.

  BACKGROUND

• Tulcan A, Vasilescu MD, Tulcan L. Comparative Study of the Influence of Bio-Resin Color on the Dimension, Flatness and Straightness of the Part in the 3D Printing Process. Polymers (Basel). 2021 Apr 27;13(9):1412. doi: 10.3390/polym13091412.

  PMID: 33925497 BACKGROUND

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: lecturer

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 28, 2026
• First Posted: September 1, 2026
• Study Start: October 15, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 30, 2025
• Study Completion: November 30, 2025
• Last Updated: September 1, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-03

Locations

TU (1)