Effects of Mandala Coloring and Music Listening on Fear of Childbirth

NCT07775963 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: OsmaniyeKau-5
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 120
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of mandala coloring and music listening on fear of childbirth among pregnant women. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups: a mandala coloring group, a music listening group, or a control group. The interventions are non-pharmacological, art-based approaches intended to support relaxation and reduce fear related to childbirth. Fear of childbirth is assessed before and after the interventions using validated measurement tools. The study aims to determine whether mandala coloring and music listening are effective in reducing fear of childbirth and to compare the effectiveness of these two approaches with routine care.

Conditions

Fear of Childbirth

Keywords

Fear of Childbirth; Tokophobia; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Mandala Coloring; Music Listening; Art-Based Intervention; Non-Pharmacological Intervention

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Fear of Childbirth Assessed Using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A

  Fear of childbirth was assessed using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A. The questionnaire consists of 33 items and provides a total score ranging from 0 to 165. Higher scores indicate a higher level of fear of childbirth. The questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in fear of childbirth among the mandala coloring, music listening, and control groups.

  Baseline and immediately after the intervention

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Pain Level Assessed Using the Visual Analog Scale

  Baseline and immediately after the intervention

Study Arms (3)

Mandala Coloring Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to this group received the mandala coloring intervention in addition to routine care. The intervention was designed to reduce fear of childbirth through a structured art-based activity.

Behavioral: Mandala Coloring

Music Listening Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to this group received the music listening intervention in addition to routine care. The intervention was designed to promote relaxation and reduce fear of childbirth.

Behavioral: Music Listening

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants assigned to the control group received routine care and did not receive the mandala coloring or music listening intervention.

Interventions

Mandala Coloring BEHAVIORAL

Participants in the mandala coloring group received a structured mandala coloring intervention in addition to routine care. The intervention involved coloring predetermined mandala patterns and was implemented as a non-pharmacological, art-based approach to reduce fear of childbirth.

Also known as: Mandala Art Intervention

Mandala Coloring Group

Music Listening BEHAVIORAL

Participants in the music listening group received a structured music listening intervention in addition to routine care. The intervention involved listening to music and was implemented as a non-pharmacological approach to promote relaxation and reduce fear of childbirth.

Also known as: Music Intervention

Music Listening Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Pregnant women aged 18-35 years
• Primiparous pregnant women
• Pregnant women who met the gestational week criteria specified in the study protocol
• Pregnant women with fear of childbirth
• Ability to communicate in Turkish
• Voluntary agreement to participate in the study

You may not qualify if:

• Presence of a high-risk pregnancy or pregnancy-related complication
• Presence of a diagnosed psychiatric disorder or use of psychiatric medication
• Presence of a condition that could prevent participation in the interventions
• Participation in another intervention aimed at reducing fear of childbirth
• Withdrawal from the study or failure to complete the intervention and outcome assessments

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Osmaniye Korkut Ata University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Osmaniye Korkut Ata University

Osmaniye, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: The outcome assessor was blinded to the participants' group assignments.
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: Participants were randomly assigned to three parallel groups: mandala coloring, music listening, and control. The effects of the interventions on fear of childbirth were evaluated and compared between the groups.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 17, 2026
• First Posted: August 20, 2026
• Study Start: November 15, 2025
• Primary Completion: May 15, 2026
• Study Completion: May 15, 2026
• Last Updated: August 20, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)