Effect of Balance Exercises on Performance in Amputee Football Players

NCT07715578 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: NISAMAKTAY
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 20
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of an 8-week balance and trunk stabilization exercise program on balance and functional performance in male amputee football players. Twenty athletes aged 18 to 45 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed trunk stabilization, proprioceptive balance, and sport-specific plyometric exercises twice weekly in addition to routine football training. The control group continued routine football training only. Balance and functional mobility were assessed before and after the 8-week period using the Berg Balance Scale, the L-Test of Functional Mobility, and the Figure-of-8 Walk Test.

Conditions

Lower Limb Amputation; Balance Impairment

Keywords

Amputee Football; Balance Training

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in L-Test of Functional Mobility Completion Time

  Functional mobility, speed, agility, and dynamic balance were assessed using the L-Test of Functional Mobility. Participants completed three trials, and the mean completion time was recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better functional performance. Change was calculated by comparing the assessment performed at baseline with the assessment performed after the 8-week intervention.

  Baseline and 8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Change in Figure-of-8 Walk Test Completion Time

  Baseline and 8 weeks

• Change in Figure-of-8 Walk Test Step Count

  Baseline and 8 weeks

• Change in Berg Balance Scale Total Score

  Baseline and 8 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Balance Exercise Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Behavioral: Balance and Trunk Stabilization Exercise Program

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Interventions

Balance and Trunk Stabilization Exercise Program BEHAVIORAL

An 8-week exercise program performed twice weekly in addition to routine football training. The program included trunk stabilization, proprioceptive balance exercises, and sport-specific plyometric jumping and agility exercises.

Balance Exercise Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Male amputee football players aged 18 to 45 years.
• Unilateral lower-limb amputation.
• Classification as A1 according to the amputee football classification system.
• Active participation in amputee football for at least 6 months.
• Ability and willingness to participate in the study.
• Provision of written informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Bilateral lower-limb amputation.
• Insufficient experience in using crutches or a prosthesis.
• Any acute injury or serious neurological, cardiovascular, or other medical condition that could prevent completion of the L-Test of Functional Mobility, Figure-of-8 Walk Test, or exercise program.
• An active injury or rehabilitation condition preventing participation in football training.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul Rumeli University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Amputee Football Training Facility

Sakarya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: CARE PROVIDER
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 14, 2026
• First Posted: July 20, 2026
• Study Start: October 2, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 27, 2025
• Study Completion: November 27, 2025
• Last Updated: July 20, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)