Foxtail Millet Based Dietary Intervention for Postprandial Glycemic Management Among Obese Diabetic Patients

NCT07699250 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: UOL-REG-70173022
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 102
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) muffin supplementation on postprandial glycemic management among obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 102 participants aged 30-60 years were randomly assigned to three groups for 10 weeks: T₀ (50 g wheat muffin with usual diet), T₁ (50 g foxtail millet muffin once daily), and T₂ (50 g foxtail millet muffin twice daily combined with a low glycemic index diet). Anthropometric indices, glycemic markers, lipid profile, and liver function parameters were assessed before and after intervention. The results demonstrated significant improvements in metabolic outcomes, particularly in the T₂ group. Participants receiving foxtail millet muffins twice daily exhibited substantial reductions in body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. Significant improvements were also observed in lipid parameters, including decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, along with increased HDL cholesterol concentrations. Favorable changes in liver function markers further indicated enhanced metabolic health. Sensory evaluation confirmed good acceptability and palatability of the foxtail millet muffins. Overall, the findings suggest that regular consumption of foxtail millet muffins, especially when combined with a low glycemic index diet, is an effective dietary strategy for improving glycemic control, reducing obesity-related risk factors, and promoting metabolic health in obese diabetic patients.

Conditions

Diabetes; Liver; Lipid Profiles

Keywords

Foxtail Flour; muffins; health benefits

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• DIABETES, lipid profile, weight, liver enzymes

  fasting glucose, HbA1c weight, lipid profile and LFT were checked on baseline and on 12 week of the study

  12 WEEK

Study Arms (3)

T0

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

50g Wheat based (Muffin) along with their regular diet only per day for 12 weeks

Dietary Supplement: T0

T1

EXPERIMENTAL

one 50g Foxtail millet (Muffin) along with their low glycemic index diet, ONCE A DAY for 12 weeks

Dietary Supplement: T1

T2

EXPERIMENTAL

one 50g Foxtail millet (Muffin) along with their low glycemic index diet, TWICE A DAY for 12 weeks

Dietary Supplement: T2

Interventions

T0 DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

50g Wheat based (Muffin) along with their regular diet

T0

T1 DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

50g Foxtail millet (Muffin) along with their low glycemic index diet ONCE A DAY

T1

T2 DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

50g Foxtail millet (Muffin) along with their low glycemic index diet, TWICE A DAY

T2

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 30 Years - 60 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• People between 30 to 60 years old
• Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m²
• Fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL)
• Individuals having HbA1c ≥ 6.5%
• Elevated Lipid Profile: TC \> 200 mg/dL, TG \> 150 mg/dL, LDL-C \> 100 mg/dL, HDL-C \< 40 mg/dL (men) / \< 50 mg/dL (women)

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals who have a known allergy or have experienced any adverse reaction to foxtail millet or any of the ingredients used in the muffins will not be included in the study
• Patients who are taking medications known to significantly alter glucose metabolism or gastrointestinal absorption
• Individuals who have recently had gastric surgery or who have surgery planned during the research period
• Presence of other severe chronic diseases (e.g., severe renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease, active cancer)
• Nursing or pregnant females

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Lahore: lead

Study Sites (1)

Sana Noreen

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000, Pakistan

Location

Related Links

• Related Info

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 28, 2026
• First Posted: July 13, 2026
• Study Start: April 10, 2025
• Primary Completion: July 25, 2025
• Study Completion: July 25, 2025
• Last Updated: July 13, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PA (1)