Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Adults at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital

NCT07688811 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IndonesiaUAnes637
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 280
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and identify its risk factors in adult patients recovering in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) after elective surgery at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• What is the incidence of PONV among adult patients during their PACU stay?
• Which patient-, anaesthesia-, and surgery-related factors are independently associated with the occurrence of PONV? Participants who undergo elective surgery under any anaesthetic technique (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation) will be observed for nausea and vomiting from PACU admission until discharge. Researchers will also record the following variables for each participant:
• Patient factors: age, sex, smoking history, and history of motion sickness or prior PONV
• Anaesthesia factors: type of anaesthesia, intraoperative opioid use, and PONV prophylaxis use
• Surgical factors: type of surgery and surgical duration

Conditions

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Anesthesia Complication; Postoperative Complication

Keywords

postoperative nausea and vomiting; post-anaesthesia care unit; apfel score; risk factors; prospective cohort

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) during PACU stay

  PONV is defined as any episode of nausea (sensation of wanting to vomit without expulsive muscle movement) or vomiting (active expulsion of gastrointestinal contents) occurring after surgery with anaesthesia (general, spinal, epidural, or sedation). Assessed by direct clinical observation and patient interview during PACU monitoring.

  Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Severity of PONV

  Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay)

Study Arms (1)

Adult Elective Surgical Patients

Adult patients aged 18 years or older undergoing elective surgery under any anaesthetic technique (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation) at the Central Surgical Installation of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants are observed from PACU admission until discharge for the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Risk factor data collected include age, sex, smoking history, history of motion sickness or prior PONV, type of anaesthesia, intraoperative opioid use, PONV prophylaxis use, type of surgery, and surgical duration.

Other: Routine perioperative anaesthesia care

Interventions

Routine perioperative anaesthesia care OTHER

Participants undergo elective surgery with anaesthesia as part of their standard clinical care. No additional intervention is administered by the research team. The study observes participants during their routine post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and records exposure to anaesthesia-related factors (type of anaesthesia, opioid use, PONV prophylaxis) and surgical factors (surgery type, duration) as they occur in clinical practice.

Adult Elective Surgical Patients

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing elective surgery under anaesthesia at the Central Surgical Installation (Instalasi Bedah Pusat) of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia.

You may qualify if:

• Adult patients aged 18 years or older
• Scheduled to undergo elective surgery under any type of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation)
• ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification I-IV
• Fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15

You may not qualify if:

• Presence of nausea or vomiting before anaesthesia induction
• Use of Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) technique
• Preoperative use of opioids or other emetogenic medications
• Patient or legal guardian refuses informed consent

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Indonesia University: lead

Study Sites (1)

RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital)

Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Special Capital Region, 10430, Indonesia

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Postoperative Complications

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nausea; Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Signs and Symptoms; Vomiting

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Target Duration: 1 Day
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Consultant Anaesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 22, 2026
• First Posted: July 7, 2026
• Study Start: January 26, 2026
• Primary Completion: February 26, 2026
• Study Completion: July 12, 2026
• Last Updated: July 14, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

ID (1)