School Program for Resilience and Bullying Prevention

NCT07683858 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: 902-01-FR 006MEB.TT.2025.029302.01
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 101
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study evaluated whether a school-based psychoeducational program could improve psychological resilience and reduce bullying victimization among high school students in Hatay, Türkiye, following the 2023 earthquake. The intervention consisted of a 10-week psychological resilience program followed by a 5-week peer bullying awareness program delivered in weekly group sessions. A single-group pretest-posttest mixed-methods design was used. Psychological resilience and bullying victimization were assessed before the intervention and three months after program completion using validated self-report scales. Qualitative data were also collected to explore students' experiences and perceived benefits of the program.

Conditions

Peer Bullying; Bullying Victimization; Psychological Resilience

Keywords

Psychological resilience; Peer bullying; Bullying awareness; School-based intervention; Psychoeducation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Psychological Resilience

  Psychological resilience will be assessed using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-12 (CYRM-12), a validated self-report instrument that evaluates individual, relational, and contextual resilience resources among adolescents. The total CYRM-12 score will be used to determine changes in participants' resilience following the intervention. Higher scores indicate greater psychological resilience and adaptive coping capacity.

  Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.

• Peer Bullying victimization

  Peer bullying victimization will be assessed using the Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale-9 Short Form (CABS-9), a validated self-report instrument that measures the frequency and severity of bullying experiences among adolescents. Total CABS-9 scores will be compared before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in peer bullying victimization. Lower scores indicate reduced exposure to peer bullying and improved school social experiences.

  Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Participants' Experiences of the Intervention

  3 months after completion of the intervention.

Study Arms (1)

Intervention Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this single-arm study received a sequential 15-week school-based behavioral intervention. The intervention consisted of a 10-week Psychological Resilience Program followed immediately by a 5-week Peer Bullying Awareness Program. Weekly group sessions focused on developing emotional regulation, coping skills, resilience, communication, social support, empathy, bullying awareness, bystander intervention, conflict resolution, and bullying prevention. All participants received both intervention components in the same order, and outcomes were assessed before the intervention and three months after program completion.

Behavioral: Psychological Resilience Program; Behavioral: Peer Bullying Awareness Program

Interventions

Psychological Resilience Program BEHAVIORAL

The Psychological Resilience Program was a structured, school-based psychoeducational intervention delivered in weekly group sessions over 10 consecutive weeks. The program was designed to strengthen adolescents' psychological resilience following the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. The curriculum included activities aimed at improving self-awareness, emotional awareness and regulation, stress management, problem-solving, coping strategies, communication skills, self-efficacy, goal setting, optimism, social support, and adaptive responses to challenging life events. Sessions were conducted using interactive methods, including group discussions, experiential activities, role-playing, reflection exercises, and practical skill-building tasks. The intervention was delivered by trained professionals according to a standardized program protocol.

Intervention Group

Peer Bullying Awareness Program BEHAVIORAL

The Peer Bullying Awareness Program was delivered immediately after completion of the resilience program and consisted of five weekly school-based group sessions. The program was developed by the Turkish Ministry of National Education with educational support from UNICEF and was designed to increase awareness of peer bullying and promote healthy peer relationships. Session topics included the definition and types of bullying, recognition of bullying behaviors, empathy development, emotional awareness, effective communication, bystander responsibilities, conflict resolution, reporting mechanisms, and strategies for preventing bullying in school settings. Interactive discussions, scenario-based learning, group activities, and reflective exercises were used to encourage active participation and application of the concepts in everyday school life.

Intervention Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 14 Years - 18 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Students enrolled in grades 9, 10, or 11 at the participating high school in Hatay, Türkiye.
• Aged between 14 and 18 years.
• Able to understand and complete the study questionnaires.
• Willing to participate in the school-based intervention.
• Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians, and assent obtained from the student where applicable.

You may not qualify if:

• Students who did not provide informed consent or whose parents/legal guardians did not provide consent.
• Students who were absent from the majority of intervention sessions.
• Students who did not complete both the baseline and follow-up assessments.
• Students who withdrew from the study at any time during the intervention period.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mustafa Kemal University: collaborator
• Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gulhane Tip Fakultesi: lead

Study Sites (1)

Antakya High School

Hatay, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Model Details: A single-group pretest-posttest mixed-methods design was used. A total of 101 students participated in the study. Quantitative data were collected using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-12 (CYRM-12) and the Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale-9 Short Form (CABS-9). Written qualitative responses collected after the program were analyzed using content analysis. Nonparametric tests were used for quantitative comparisons.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 29, 2026
• First Posted: July 6, 2026
• Study Start: September 10, 2025
• Primary Completion: March 15, 2026
• Study Completion: March 20, 2026
• Last Updated: July 6, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
• Time Frame: De-identified individual participant data and supporting documents will be available beginning 6 months after publication of the study and will remain available for 5 years.
• Access Criteria: De-identified individual participant data, the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and analytic code will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Requests must include a methodologically sound research proposal and may require approval by the study investigators and the relevant institutional ethics committee. Data will be shared in accordance with institutional policies, participant confidentiality requirements, and applicable data protection regulations.

Locations

TU (1)