Turkish Adaptation of the Pain and Smoking Inventory

NCT07673926 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: AF-202602
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 200
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 2

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to perform the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI) and to comprehensively evaluate its reliability, validity, and psychometric properties among daily cigarette smokers with chronic pain.

Conditions

Chronic Pain

Keywords

chronic pain; smoking; Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Turkish Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI-TR)

  The Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI) is a 9-item self-report scale designed to assess the perceived interrelations between chronic pain and tobacco smoking. It measures three conceptual domains: pain as a motivator for smoking, smoking as a coping strategy for pain, and pain as a barrier to smoking cessation. Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 6. The total score ranges from 0 to 54, where higher scores indicate a stronger perceived relationship between pain and smoking behaviors.

  at baseline

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

  at baseline

• Numerical Rating Scale

  at baseline

• Pain Disability Index

  at baseline

• Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire

  at baseline

• Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

  at baseline

Study Arms (1)

Smokers with Chronic Pain

Adult individuals aged 18 and older who have been experiencing chronic pain for at least 3 months and smoke at least 5 cigarettes per day (within the last 30 days).

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 and older who present to the outpatient clinic with chronic musculoskeletal or systemic pain and are also daily cigarette smokers. The sample will be selected from individuals who are being followed up or treated at a state hospital. It includes individuals from various sociodemographic backgrounds who meet the specific pain duration and smoking quantity criteria, representing a clinical sample of smoking chronic pain patients in Turkey.

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18 years and older.
• Having a diagnosis of chronic pain that has persisted for at least 3 months.
• Smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day (within the last 30 days).
• Being able to read and write in Turkish.
• Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the written informed consent form.

You may not qualify if:

• Having a diagnosis of active psychosis or severe depression.
• Having a diagnosis of cognitive impairment or intellectual disability.
• Having severe alcohol dependence or substance use disorder.
• Having reading and writing difficulties to a degree that prevents completing the questionnaire independently.
• Being in the pregnancy or breastfeeding period.
• Using nicotine replacement therapy or smoking cessation medication within the last 1 month.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hacettepe University: lead

Study Sites (2)

Bingol University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Bingoel, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Bingöl State Hospital

Bingoel, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Yamada K, Kimura T, Mizunuma N, Tabuchi T. Pain-Related Smoking Expectancies Across Tobacco Product Use Patterns, Including Heated Tobacco Products: Psychometric Validation of the Japanese Pain and Smoking Inventory. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2026 Jun;46(2):e70119. doi: 10.1002/npr2.70119.

  PMID: 41963748 BACKGROUND

• Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, Erikson P; ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health. 2005 Mar-Apr;8(2):94-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x.

  PMID: 15804318 BACKGROUND

• Ditre JW, Zale EL, Heckman BW, Hendricks PS. A measure of perceived pain and tobacco smoking interrelations: pilot validation of the pain and smoking inventory. Cogn Behav Ther. 2017 Jun;46(4):339-351. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2016.1256347. Epub 2016 Nov 22.

  PMID: 27871214 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Chronic Pain; Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Behavior

Central Study Contacts

Aybüke Fanuscu

CONTACT

+904262160012-5548; afanuscu@bingol.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: assistant professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 23, 2026
• First Posted: June 29, 2026
• Study Start (Estimated): September 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 31, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2027
• Last Updated: June 29, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (2)