Increasing Law Enforcement Application of Automated External Defibrillators (AED)s for Cardiac Arrest

NCT07649616 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: 26-036526RIRA1636534
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this study is to learn if an automated external defibrillator (AED) training adjunct video can improve law enforcement self-efficacy, the likelihood of AED application overall, and decrease disparities in women. Participants will be asked to:

• complete a brief initial survey
• view an AED training adjunct video
• complete another survey following the video

Conditions

Heart Arrest, Out-Of-Hospital; Defibrillators

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Change in Confidence to Attach Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Pads on a Woman

  The primary training outcome is, "I am confident I can always attach AED pads in the correct position on a woman". This question is a modified question from a validated tool to measure changes in self-efficacy, the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale, which measures "can do" using 0-100.

  Immediately following the AED training intervention

• Change in AED Application

  Our primary care outcome is, change in AED application by law enforcement among adult cases with law enforcement on-scene before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival overall and stratified by gender relative to the same geographic region in the preceding 5-year period. The outcome will be measured using the Portland Cardiac Arrest Epidemiologic Registry (PDX Epistry), an existing observational registry used for quality improvement and research.

  Prospectively over 18 months following AED training intervention

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Change in AED Application by AED Training

  Prospectively over 18 months following AED training intervention.

Other Outcomes (1)

• Modified Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale

  Immediately following AED training intervention

Study Arms (2)

AED training adjunct

EXPERIMENTAL

Receive AED training intervention

Behavioral: AED training adjunct

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Counties that do not receive the additional training will serve as control counties. The investigators will prospectively evaluate using an existing observational registry used for quality improvement and research, the Portland Cardiac Arrest Epidemiologic Registry (PDX Epistry).

Interventions

AED training adjunct BEHAVIORAL

Participants will complete a brief survey, then watch an AED training adjunct video, followed by a repeat survey. All components are delivered asynchronously online. The investigators will prospectively evaluate using an existing observational registry used for quality improvement and research, the Portland Cardiac Arrest Epidemiologic Registry (PDX Epistry).

AED training adjunct

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Law enforcement officers from agencies in the greater Portland area served by the Portland Cardiac Arrest Epidemiologic Registry
• aged 18 years of age and older

You may not qualify if:

• none

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Wayne State University: lead
• Oregon Health and Science University: collaborator
• American Heart Association: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States

Location

Related Publications (22)

• Oregon Health & Science University. PDX Epistry. https://www.ohsu.edu/school-ofmedicine/ emergency/pdx-epistry

  BACKGROUND

• Cardiac Arrset Registry to Enhance Survival. 2024 CARES Survival Report.; 2024. https://mycares.net/sitepages/uploads/2025/CARES%202024%20Non-Traumatic%20National%20Survival%20Report.pdf

  BACKGROUND

• Lupton JR, Johnson E, Prigmore B, Daya MR, Jui J, Thompson K, Nuttall J, Neth MR, Sahni R, Newgard CD. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes when law enforcement arrives before emergency medical services. Resuscitation. 2024 Jan;194:110044. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110044. Epub 2023 Nov 11.

  PMID: 37952574 BACKGROUND

• Fukushima H, Bolstad F. Telephone CPR: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Open Access Emerg Med. 2020 Sep 7;12:193-200. doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S259700. eCollection 2020.

  PMID: 32982493 BACKGROUND

• Fukushima H, Panczyk M, Spaite DW, Chikani V, Dameff C, Hu C, Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Sutter J, Langlais B, Wu Z, Bobrow BJ. Barriers to telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation in public and residential locations. Resuscitation. 2016 Dec;109:116-120. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.241. Epub 2016 Aug 10.

  PMID: 27521469 BACKGROUND

• Dobbie F, Uny I, Eadie D, Duncan E, Stead M, Bauld L, Angus K, Hassled L, MacInnes L, Clegg G. Barriers to bystander CPR in deprived communities: Findings from a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 10;15(6):e0233675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233675. eCollection 2020.

  PMID: 32520938 BACKGROUND

• Missel AL, Dowker SR, Chiola M, Platt J, Tsutsui J, Kasten K, Swor R, Neumar RW, Hunt N, Herbert L, Sams W, Nallamothu BK, Shields T, Coulter-Thompson EI, Friedman CP. Barriers to the Initiation of Telecommunicator-CPR during 9-1-1 Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Calls: A Qualitative Study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2024;28(1):118-125. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2023.2183533. Epub 2023 Mar 13.

  PMID: 36857489 BACKGROUND

• Hernandez-Padilla J, Suthers F, Fernandez-Sola C, Granero-Molina J. Development and psychometric assessment of the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016 Apr;15(3):e10-8. doi: 10.1177/1474515114562130. Epub 2014 Nov 24.

  PMID: 25422522 BACKGROUND

• Grunau B, Humphries K, Stenstrom R, Pennington S, Scheuermeyer F, van Diepen S, Awad E, Al Assil R, Kawano T, Brooks S, Gu B, Christenson J. Public access defibrillators: Gender-based inequities in access and application. Resuscitation. 2020 May;150:17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.02.024. Epub 2020 Feb 29.

  PMID: 32126247 BACKGROUND

• Jadhav S, Gaddam S. Gender and location disparities in prehospital bystander AED usage. Resuscitation. 2021 Jan;158:139-142. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.11.006. Epub 2020 Nov 12.

  PMID: 33189804 BACKGROUND

• Kiyohara K, Katayama Y, Kitamura T, Kiguchi T, Matsuyama T, Ishida K, Sado J, Hirose T, Hayashida S, Nishiyama C, Iwami T, Shimazu T. Gender disparities in the application of public-access AED pads among OHCA patients in public locations. Resuscitation. 2020 May;150:60-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.02.038. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

  PMID: 32199903 BACKGROUND

• Aldeen AZ, Hartman ND, Segura A, Phull A, Shaw DM, Chiampas GT, Courtney DM. Video self-instruction for police officers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013 Oct;28(5):471-6. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X13008716. Epub 2013 Jul 26.

  PMID: 23890536 BACKGROUND

• Uny I, Angus K, Duncan E, Dobbie F. Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health. 2023 Jan;143(1):43-53. doi: 10.1177/17579139211055497. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

  PMID: 35100885 BACKGROUND

• Kleinman ME, Buick JE, Huber N, Idris AH, Levy M, Morgan SG, Nassal MMJ, Neth MR, Norii T, Nunnally ME, Rodriguez AJ, Walsh BK, Drennan IR. Part 7: Adult Basic Life Support: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025 Oct 21;152(16_suppl_2):S448-S478. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001369. Epub 2025 Oct 22.

  PMID: 41122888 BACKGROUND

• Norskov AS, Considine J, Nehme Z, Olasveengen TM, Morrison LJ, Morley P, Bray JE; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Basic Life Support Task Force. Removal of bra for pad placement and defibrillation - A scoping review. Resusc Plus. 2025 Feb 3;22:100885. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100885. eCollection 2025 Mar.

  PMID: 40026715 BACKGROUND

• Thompson K, Smith J, Tanski M, Neth MR, Sahni R, Kennel J, Jui J, Newgard CD, Daya MR, Lupton JR. Gender Differences in Defibrillator Practices in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2025;29(5):586-592. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2024.2394590. Epub 2024 Sep 17.

  PMID: 39189823 BACKGROUND

• Husain S, Eisenberg M. Police AED programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2013 Sep;84(9):1184-91. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.03.040. Epub 2013 May 2.

  PMID: 23643893 BACKGROUND

• Hawkins SC, Shapiro AH, Sever AE, Delbridge TR, Mosesso VN. The role of law enforcement agencies in out-of-hospital emergency care. Resuscitation. 2007 Mar;72(3):386-93. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.07.021. Epub 2006 Dec 6.

  PMID: 17156910 BACKGROUND

• Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, Clark LL, Spaite DW, Hardman RG. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 26;343(17):1206-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200010263431701.

  PMID: 11071670 BACKGROUND

• Baekgaard JS, Viereck S, Moller TP, Ersboll AK, Lippert F, Folke F. The Effects of Public Access Defibrillation on Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Circulation. 2017 Sep 5;136(10):954-965. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029067. Epub 2017 Jul 7.

  PMID: 28687709 BACKGROUND

• Drennan IR, Lin S, Thorpe KE, Morrison LJ. The effect of time to defibrillation and targeted temperature management on functional survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014 Nov;85(11):1623-8. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.07.010. Epub 2014 Aug 12.

  PMID: 25107539 BACKGROUND

• Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Mar 3;141(9):e139-e596. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

  PMID: 31992061 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Heart Arrest; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases

Study Officials

• Robert Ploutz-Snyder, PhD, PStat(r)

  Wayne State University

  STUDY CHAIR

Central Study Contacts

Amanda L. Missel, PhD, MS, RN

CONTACT

313-577-3103; amanda.missel@wayne.edu

Joshua Lupton, MD, MPH, MPhil

CONTACT

lupton@ohsu.edu

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Model Details: The investigators will conduct a pre-post intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief automated external defibrillator (AED) training adjunct video to improve self-efficacy, and the likelihood law enforcement will apply an AED overall and to a woman across multiple law enforcement agencies in the Portland Cardiac Arrest Epidemiologic Registry (PDX Epistry) geographic region in Oregon. PDX Epistry is an observational registry used for quality improvement and research. The investigators will use PDX Epistry to prospectively evaluate law enforcement AED use after this training and counties that did not receive the training will serve as control counties.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 3, 2026
• First Posted: June 16, 2026
• Study Start: July 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2027
• Last Updated: June 16, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
• Time Frame: 03/31/2028
• Access Criteria: freely available

Locations

US (1)