NCT07591935

Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two stress-reduction methods can lower stress in medical students. The study compares a wearable device and a mindfulness program. The wearable device sends gentle vibrations to the body, while the mindfulness program teaches meditation and stress awareness skills. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does the wearable device lower stress levels in medical students?
  • Does mindfulness meditation lower stress levels in medical students?
  • Is one method more effective than the other? Researchers will compare the wearable device to the mindfulness program to see if one works better for reducing stress. Participants are medical students from Saint James School of Medicine. Each participant will try both methods during the study. Participants will:
  • Use the wearable device daily for four weeks
  • Complete a four-week mindfulness meditation program
  • Take a one-week break between the two methods
  • Complete surveys about stress and satisfaction
  • Have heart rate variability (HRV) measured to assess stress levels This study will help researchers understand whether wearable technology or mindfulness training is more effective for managing stress in medical students. It may also show if both methods can improve how the body responds to stress over time.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
20

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started May 2024

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

May 15, 2024

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 24, 2024

Completed
12 days until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

October 6, 2024

Completed
1.6 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 8, 2026

Completed
10 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 18, 2026

Completed
Last Updated

May 18, 2026

Status Verified

May 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4 months

First QC Date

May 8, 2026

Last Update Submit

May 14, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Vagus NerveApollo NeuroHeart Rate VariabilityPerceived Stress QuestionnaireMindfulness-Based Stress ReductionMedical StudentsStressAI wearable deviceHypothalamus-pituitary axis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Perceived Stress Questionnaire

    The primary outcome is change in perceived stress among medical students, measured using a validated self-report linear Likert scale such as the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. This measure assesses the degree to which participants perceive their life situations as stressful, including feelings of overload, unpredictability, and lack of control. PSQ scores will be compared within participants in a randomized two-period crossover design evaluating the effects of a 4-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program and a 4-week Apollo Neuro device intervention.

    Baseline; Week 4 (end of Period 1); Week 9 (end of Period 2).

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Heart Rate Variability

    During each intervention period (approximately 4 weeks per period), with comparison of HRV outcomes between Period 1 and Period 2 following completion of each phase of the crossover design (approximately 8 weeks total after enrolment).

Study Arms (2)

Sequence AB

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to Sequence AB receive Treatment A in Period 1 followed by Treatment B in Period 2, with a washout period between treatments. Treatment A consists of an AI-supported mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-style) intervention delivered over the first study period. Treatment B consists of a control or alternative stress-reduction condition delivered over the second study period. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and at the end of each period to evaluate within-subject changes in stress and wellbeing.

Device: Apollo Neuro Wearable

Sequence BA

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants assigned to Sequence BA receive Treatment B in Period 1 followed by Treatment A in Period 2, with a washout period between treatments. Treatment B consists of a control or alternative stress-reduction condition delivered during the first study period. Treatment A consists of an AI-supported mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-style) intervention delivered during the second study period. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and at the end of each period to evaluate within-subject differences in stress and wellbeing.

Behavioral: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Course

Interventions

The MBSR intervention is an evidence-based structured mindfulness program designed to reduce stress and improve psychological wellbeing. Participants engage in guided mindfulness practices including focused attention meditation, body scanning, and breathing exercises. The intervention emphasizes present-moment awareness and non-judgmental observation of thoughts and emotions. Sessions are delivered over a defined study period and are complemented by brief daily at-home mindfulness practice. The goal is to reduce perceived stress, in medical students through repeated mindfulness training and cognitive regulation strategies.

Sequence BA

The Apollo Neuro intervention involves the use of a wearable neuromodulation device designed to support stress regulation through gentle, non-invasive vibration patterns. The device delivers low-frequency tactile stimulation intended to promote parasympathetic nervous system activation and improve autonomic balance. Participants wear the device during designated periods throughout the day (e.g., study, relaxation, or sleep) according to a standardized protocol. The intervention aims to reduce physiological and perceived stress levels through continuous somatic signaling and nervous system modulation

Sequence AB

Eligibility Criteria

Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Medical Student at Saint James Medical School
  • Proficient in English

You may not qualify if:

  • Insufficient stress levels
  • Already owning an Apollo Device
  • Inability to provide informed consent
  • Have any medical condition that precluded the use of Apollo

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Saint James School of Medicine

The Quarter, Anguilla

Location

Related Publications (60)

  • Foxman B. Determining the Reliability and Validity and Interpretation of a Measure in the Study Populations. Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology. 2012:117-32. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374133-2.00008-3. Epub 2011 Jan 27. PMCID: PMC7158331.

    BACKGROUND
  • Kim SH, Lim KR, Seo JH, Ryu DR, Lee BK, Cho BR, Chun KJ. Higher heart rate variability as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 8;12(1):3702. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07783-3.

    PMID: 35260686BACKGROUND
  • Ross JA, Van Bockstaele EJ. The Locus Coeruleus- Norepinephrine System in Stress and Arousal: Unraveling Historical, Current, and Future Perspectives. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 27;11:601519. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601519. eCollection 2020.

    PMID: 33584368BACKGROUND
  • Yon D, Zainzinger V, de Lange FP, Eimer M, Press C. Action biases perceptual decisions toward expected outcomes. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2021 Jun;150(6):1225-1236. doi: 10.1037/xge0000826. Epub 2020 Dec 7.

    PMID: 33289575BACKGROUND
  • Zhang D, Shen X, Qi X. Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2016 Feb 16;188(3):E53-E63. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.150535. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

    PMID: 26598376BACKGROUND
  • Yaribeygi H, Panahi Y, Sahraei H, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI J. 2017 Jul 21;16:1057-1072. doi: 10.17179/excli2017-480. eCollection 2017.

    PMID: 28900385BACKGROUND
  • Vogel S, Schwabe L. Learning and memory under stress: implications for the classroom. NPJ Sci Learn. 2016 Jun 29;1:16011. doi: 10.1038/npjscilearn.2016.11. eCollection 2016.

    PMID: 30792896BACKGROUND
  • Vinik AI, Ziegler D. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Circulation. 2007 Jan 23;115(3):387-97. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634949. No abstract available.

    PMID: 17242296BACKGROUND
  • Vibrating Wristband For Stress & Anxiety: How it Works | Apollo Neuro. (2024). Apollo Neuro. https://apolloneuro.com/en-intl/pages/how-to-use?srsltid=AfmBOornFhGUz9Pj3Ha3fn1v0lz0KyZjhXhgczUvFv1Ws617jQ2rx09l

    BACKGROUND
  • Valentino RJ, Foote SL, Aston-Jones G. Corticotropin-releasing factor activates noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus. Brain Res. 1983 Jul 4;270(2):363-7. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90615-7.

    PMID: 6603889BACKGROUND
  • Office of the Surgeon General (US); Center for Mental Health Services (US); National Institute of Mental Health (US). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2001 Aug. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44243/

    PMID: 20669516BACKGROUND
  • Trofin DM, Sardaru DP, Trofin D, Onu I, Tutu A, Onu A, Onita C, Galaction AI, Matei DV. Oxidative Stress in Brain Function. Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Feb 28;14(3):297. doi: 10.3390/antiox14030297.

    PMID: 40227270BACKGROUND
  • The science behind Apollo Vibes. (2023). Apollo Neuro. https://apolloneuro.com/en-intl/blogs/news/science-behind vibes?srsltid=AfmBOoraBiIgAO7cJxj40rmKaZRS0PquEsT-xpEgkYMx_CkHtBLtGTn6.

    BACKGROUND
  • Tiwari R, Kumar R, Malik S, Raj T, Kumar P. Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2021;17(5):e160721189770. doi: 10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854.

    PMID: 33390146BACKGROUND
  • Tindle J, Tadi P. Neuroanatomy, Parasympathetic Nervous System. 2022 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553141/

    PMID: 31985934BACKGROUND
  • Tian X, Liao Z, Yi L, Tang L, Chen G, Jimenez Herrera MF. Efficacy and mechanisms of 4-week MBSR on psychological distress in lung cancer patients: A single-center, single-blind, longitudinal, randomized controlled trial. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2022 Oct 13;10(1):100151. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100151. eCollection 2023 Jan.

    PMID: 36406466BACKGROUND
  • Thayer JF, Lane RD. The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Biol Psychol. 2007 Feb;74(2):224-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.013. Epub 2006 Dec 19.

    PMID: 17182165BACKGROUND
  • Sjoberg N, Saint DA. A single 4 mg dose of nicotine decreases heart rate variability in healthy nonsmokers: implications for smoking cessation programs. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011 May;13(5):369-72. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr004. Epub 2011 Feb 24.

    PMID: 21350044BACKGROUND
  • Shmerling R.H. (2021). Harvard health Ad Watch: Can a wearable device reduce stress? Harvard Health Publishing Harvard medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/harvard-health-ad-watch-can-a-wearable-device-reduce-stress-202109222601

    BACKGROUND
  • Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Front Public Health. 2017 Sep 28;5:258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258. eCollection 2017.

    PMID: 29034226BACKGROUND
  • Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yucel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2021 Feb 15;31(1):010502. doi: 10.11613/BM.2021.010502. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

    PMID: 33380887BACKGROUND
  • Scott SB, Graham-Engeland JE, Engeland CG, Smyth JM, Almeida DM, Katz MJ, Lipton RB, Mogle JA, Munoz E, Ram N, Sliwinski MJ. The Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology and Emotion (ESCAPE) Project. BMC Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 3;15:146. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0497-7.

    PMID: 26138700BACKGROUND
  • Sammito S, Thielmann B, Bockelmann I. Update: factors influencing heart rate variability-a narrative review. Front Physiol. 2024 Aug 6;15:1430458. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1430458. eCollection 2024.

    PMID: 39165281BACKGROUND
  • Nagai M, Ewbank H, Nakano Y, Scherlag BJ, Po SS, Dasari TW. Heart Rate Variability and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Literature. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2025;21(2):e1573403X327105. doi: 10.2174/011573403X327105241021180916.

    PMID: 39492768BACKGROUND
  • Monroe SM. Modern approaches to conceptualizing and measuring human life stress. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2008;4:33-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141207.

    PMID: 17716038BACKGROUND
  • McCall JG, Al-Hasani R, Siuda ER, Hong DY, Norris AJ, Ford CP, Bruchas MR. CRH Engagement of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System Mediates Stress-Induced Anxiety. Neuron. 2015 Aug 5;87(3):605-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Jul 23.

    PMID: 26212712BACKGROUND
  • Mandalaneni K, Rayi A. Vagus Nerve Stimulator. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562175/

    BACKGROUND
  • Pitman RK, Rasmusson AM, Koenen KC, Shin LM, Orr SP, Gilbertson MW, Milad MR, Liberzon I. Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Nov;13(11):769-87. doi: 10.1038/nrn3339. Epub 2012 Oct 10.

    PMID: 23047775BACKGROUND
  • Pietilä J, Helander E, Korhonen I, et al. Acute effects of alcohol on heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Physiol Meas. 2018;39(6):065005.

    BACKGROUND
  • Perula-de Torres LA, Atalaya JCV, Garcia-Campayo J, Roldan-Villalobos A, Magallon-Botaya R, Bartolome-Moreno C, Moreno-Martos H, Melus-Palazon E, Lietor-Villajos N, Valverde-Bolivar FJ, Hachem-Salas N, Rodriguez LA, Navarro-Gil M, Epstein R, Cabezon-Crespo A, Moreno CM; collaborative group of the MINDUUDD study. Controlled clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus an 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in family and community medicine physicians and nurses: MINDUUDD study protocol. BMC Fam Pract. 2019 Feb 6;20(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12875-019-0913-z.

    PMID: 30727962BACKGROUND
  • Peer-reviewed clinical study: Apollo Neuro is the first wearable techn. (2023, February 3). Apollo Neuro. https://apolloneuro.com/blogs/news/peer-reviewed-clinical-study-proven-to-improve-hrv

    BACKGROUND
  • Palouse Mindfulness. (n.d.). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) online course. Retrieved October 20, 2024, from https://palousemindfulness.com/MBSR/welcome.html

    BACKGROUND
  • Nuss P. Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: a disturbance of modulation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Jan 17;11:165-75. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S58841. eCollection 2015.

    PMID: 25653526BACKGROUND
  • Mather M, Joo Yoo H, Clewett DV, Lee TH, Greening SG, Ponzio A, Min J, Thayer JF. Higher locus coeruleus MRI contrast is associated with lower parasympathetic influence over heart rate variability. Neuroimage. 2017 Apr 15;150:329-335. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.025. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

    PMID: 28215623BACKGROUND
  • Li KHC, White FA, Tipoe T, Liu T, Wong MC, Jesuthasan A, Baranchuk A, Tse G, Yan BP. The Current State of Mobile Phone Apps for Monitoring Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Atrial Fibrillation: Narrative Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Feb 15;7(2):e11606. doi: 10.2196/11606.

    PMID: 30767904BACKGROUND
  • Levenstein S, Prantera C, Varvo V, Scribano ML, Berto E, Luzi C, Andreoli A. Development of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire: a new tool for psychosomatic research. J Psychosom Res. 1993 Jan;37(1):19-32. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90120-5.

    PMID: 8421257BACKGROUND
  • Landon LB, Douglas GL, Downs ME, Greene MR, Whitmire AM, Zwart SR, Roma PG. The Behavioral Biology of Teams: Multidisciplinary Contributions to Social Dynamics in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments. Front Psychol. 2019 Nov 21;10:2571. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02571. eCollection 2019.

    PMID: 31824374BACKGROUND
  • Koenig J, Jarczok MN, Ellis RJ, Hillecke TK, Thayer JF. Heart rate variability and experimentally induced pain in healthy adults: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2014 Mar;18(3):301-14. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00379.x. Epub 2013 Aug 6.

    PMID: 23922336BACKGROUND
  • Kinnunen, H. O., & Koskimäki, H. (2018). 0312 The HRV Of The Ring - Comparison Of Nocturnal HR And HRV Between A Commercially Available Wearable Ring And ECG. Sleep, 41 (suppl_1), A120-A120. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.311.

    BACKGROUND
  • Kemp AH, Quintana DS, Gray MA, Felmingham KL, Brown K, Gatt JM. Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 1;67(11):1067-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.012. Epub 2010 Feb 6.

    PMID: 20138254BACKGROUND
  • Karason K, Molgaard H, Wikstrand J, Sjostrom L. Heart rate variability in obesity and the effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Apr 15;83(8):1242-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00066-1.

    PMID: 10215292BACKGROUND
  • Joels M, Pu Z, Wiegert O, Oitzl MS, Krugers HJ. Learning under stress: how does it work? Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Apr;10(4):152-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.002. Epub 2006 Mar 2.

    PMID: 16513410BACKGROUND
  • Immanuel S, Teferra MN, Baumert M, Bidargaddi N. Heart Rate Variability for Evaluating Psychological Stress Changes in Healthy Adults: A Scoping Review. Neuropsychobiology. 2023;82(4):187-202. doi: 10.1159/000530376. Epub 2023 Jun 8.

    PMID: 37290411BACKGROUND
  • Hickey BA, Chalmers T, Newton P, Lin CT, Sibbritt D, McLachlan CS, Clifton-Bligh R, Morley J, Lal S. Smart Devices and Wearable Technologies to Detect and Monitor Mental Health Conditions and Stress: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel). 2021 May 16;21(10):3461. doi: 10.3390/s21103461.

    PMID: 34065620BACKGROUND
  • Hauger RL, Risbrough V, Brauns O, Dautzenberg FM. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling in the central nervous system: new molecular targets. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2006 Aug;5(4):453-79. doi: 10.2174/187152706777950684.

    PMID: 16918397BACKGROUND
  • Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Apr 8;18:1360242. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242. eCollection 2024.

    PMID: 38650657BACKGROUND
  • De Frías V., Kronenfeld G. and Soukovelos A. (2021). How Brain Changes as We Learn. Arch Neurol & Neurosci. 11(5): 2021. ISSN: 2641-1911,2021. DOI: 10.33552/ANN.2021.11.000775

    BACKGROUND
  • Chu B.; Marwaha K.; Sanvictores T.; Awosika A.O.; Ayers D. (2024). Physiological Stress reactions. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing. Treasure Island (FL): May 07, 2024Bookshelf ID: NBK541120P MID: 31082164.

    BACKGROUND
  • Chandra P, Sands RL, Gillespie BW, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Kiser M, Finkelstein F, Hinderliter A, Pop-Busui R, Rajagopalan S, Saran R. Predictors of heart rate variability and its prognostic significance in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Feb;27(2):700-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr340. Epub 2011 Sep 12.

    PMID: 21765187BACKGROUND
  • Chalmers T, Hickey BA, Newton P, Lin CT, Sibbritt D, McLachlan CS, Clifton-Bligh R, Morley J, Lal S. Stress Watch: The Use of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability to Detect Stress: A Pilot Study Using Smart Watch Wearables. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Dec 27;22(1):151. doi: 10.3390/s22010151.

    PMID: 35009696BACKGROUND
  • Campos, M. (2017, November 22). Heart rate variability: A new way to track well-being. Harvard Health Blog. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/heart-rate-variability-new-way-track-well-2017112212789.

    BACKGROUND
  • Bremner JD, Gurel NZ, Wittbrodt MT, Shandhi MH, Rapaport MH, Nye JA, Pearce BD, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ, Park J, Bikson M, Inan OT. Application of Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders. J Pers Med. 2020 Sep 9;10(3):119. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030119.

    PMID: 32916852BACKGROUND
  • Brami C, Sultan S, Robieux L, Piot MA, Gartili H, Zenasni F. Understanding students' motivations for participating in a mindfulness course: a qualitative analysis of medical students' views. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 May 20;23(1):163. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-03949-2.

    PMID: 37210498BACKGROUND
  • Braden BB, Pipe TB, Smith R, Glaspy TK, Deatherage BR, Baxter LC. Brain and behavior changes associated with an abbreviated 4-week mindfulness-based stress reduction course in back pain patients. Brain Behav. 2016 Feb 16;6(3):e00443. doi: 10.1002/brb3.443. eCollection 2016 Mar.

    PMID: 26925304BACKGROUND
  • Borodovitsyna O, Duffy BC, Pickering AE, Chandler DJ. Anatomically and functionally distinct locus coeruleus efferents mediate opposing effects on anxiety-like behavior. Neurobiol Stress. 2020 Dec 5;13:100284. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100284. eCollection 2020 Nov.

    PMID: 33344735BACKGROUND
  • Bigger JT Jr, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1992 Jan;85(1):164-71. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.1.164.

    PMID: 1728446BACKGROUND
  • Azman KF, Zakaria R. Recent Advances on the Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 19;23(12):6827. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126827.

    PMID: 35743271BACKGROUND
  • Attar ET, Balasubramanian V, Subasi E, Kaya M. Stress Analysis Based on Simultaneous Heart Rate Variability and EEG Monitoring. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2021 Aug 23;9:2700607. doi: 10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3106803. eCollection 2021.

    PMID: 34513342BACKGROUND
  • Alqahtani JS, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, Al Ghamdi SS, AlDraiwiesh IA, Alsulayyim AS, Alqahtani AS, Alobaidi NY, Al Saikhan L, AlRabeeah SM, Alzahrani EM, Heubel AD, Mendes RG, Alqarni AA, Alanazi AM, Oyelade T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of heart rate variability in COPD. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Feb 17;10:1070327. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1070327. eCollection 2023.

    PMID: 36873414BACKGROUND
  • Alzahrani AM, Hakami A, AlHadi A, Al-Maflehi N, Aljawadi MH, Alotaibi RM, Alzahrani MM, Alammari SA, Batais MA, Almigbal TH. The effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving medical students' stress, depression, and anxiety. PLoS One. 2023 Oct 31;18(10):e0293539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293539. eCollection 2023.

    PMID: 37906599BACKGROUND

Study Officials

  • Mykhailo Vysochyn, MD, PhD

    Saint James School of Medicine

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Medical Student

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 8, 2026

First Posted

May 18, 2026

Study Start

May 15, 2024

Primary Completion

September 24, 2024

Study Completion

October 6, 2024

Last Updated

May 18, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Individual participant data will not be shared publicly due to the small sample size (n=20), sensitive physiological and psychological measures, lack of data-sharing infrastructure, and no requirement for public IPD sharing.

Locations