Mystical Experiences Without Psychedelics and How Integration Improves Well-Being in Adults

NCT07584070 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: TWCF-2024-34203
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 120
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a guided, non-drug spiritual intervention can facilitate mystical-type experiences and improve well-being in Christian adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Does the guided spiritual intervention produce measurable mystical experiences?
• Does participation in the intervention and assigned integration program lead to improvements in well-being over time? Researchers will compare a Christian-based integration program to a structured control integration program to determine whether Christian-based integration leads to greater improvements in well-being. Participants will:
• Complete baseline questionnaires assessing spiritual experiences, religiosity, and well-being
• Complete one in-person session of the "guided invocation for mystical experience"
• Be randomly assigned to complete either a Christian-based or control integration program for 4 weeks
• Complete follow-up assessments at 1 month and 2 months

Conditions

Healthy Adult Participants

Keywords

mystical experience; peak spiritual experience; integration; hypnosis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (10)

• Frequency of a Complete Mystical Experience as Assessed by the Mystical Experience Questionnaire

  Frequency of complete mystical experiences will be assessed using the 30-item Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30), a validated self-report measure designed to assess key phenomenological features of mystical-type experiences. The MEQ30 includes four empirically derived subscales: Mystical, Positive Mood, Transcendence of Time and Space, and Ineffability. Participants rate the extent to which each item describes their experience. Higher scores reflect greater endorsement of mystical-type features. To determine whether a participant had a complete mystical experience, scores will be calculated for each of the four subscales and expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible score for that subscale. A complete mystical experience is defined as meeting or exceeding 60% of the maximum possible score on all four MEQ30 subscales. The frequency of complete mystical experiences will then be calculated as the proportion of participants who meet this criteria.

  Immediately following the in-person guided invocation for mystical experience session

• PERMA Well-Being Scale

  The PERMA Well-Being Scale measures five dimensions of well-being-Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment-based on Martin Seligman's PERMA model. The scale contains 23 items, with 3-5 items per subdomain, scored on a Likert scale. Butler and Kern (2016) established the scale's internal consistency (α \> .80) and construct validity.

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale

  The Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB) assesses six domains of well-being: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. It includes 42 items, scored on a Likert scale, with shorter versions available. Psychometric evaluation revealed high internal consistency (α \> .80) and test-retest reliability across diverse populations (Ryff \& Keyes, 1995). Example items include, "I like most parts of my personality" (self-acceptance) and "I am not afraid to voice my opinions, even when they are in opposition to most people" (autonomy).

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale

  The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale (MEMS) measures existential meaning across three dimensions: coherence, purpose, and mattering. The scale consists of 15 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Higher scores indicate a greater sense of existential meaning. Psychometric evaluations by George and Park (2017) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α \> .90) and robust construct validity. Example items include, "I understand how my life fits into the larger picture," "I feel that my life has a clear sense of purpose," and "I believe that my life is significant and matters." This scale is particularly suited for studies exploring the depth and breadth of meaning in individuals' lives.

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Flourishing Scale

  The Flourishing Scale measures social-psychological prosperity across eight items that assess areas such as self-esteem, purpose, and optimism. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater well-being. Diener et al. (2010) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α \> .85). An example item is, "I lead a purposeful and meaningful life." This concise yet comprehensive scale is widely used in studies of well-being interventions.

  Baseline, 1 months, and 2 months post-intervention

• Quality of Life Rating Scale

  The Quality of Life Rating Scale evaluates life satisfaction across physical, emotional, and social domains. The 16-item measure uses a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores reflecting better quality of life. Burckhardt and Anderson (2003) reported strong psychometric properties, including internal consistency (α \> .80). A sample item is, "To what degree do you feel your physical health limits your activities of daily living?"

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Spiritual Transcendence Scale

  The Spiritual Transcendence Scale measures the degree of an individual's sense of connectedness to a higher reality. The scale contains 24 items across three subdomains: prayer fulfillment (α = .85), universality (α = .85), and connectedness (α = .65). Piedmont (1999) reported good internal consistency on three subscales. Example items include, "I find strength in my religion or spirituality" (prayer fulfillment) and "I feel a sense of oneness with all humanity" (universality).

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale

  The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSSS) measures the extent and nature of struggles individuals may have with their religion or spirituality. The scale includes 26 items and identifies six distinct domains of struggle: divine, demonic, interpersonal, moral, doubt, and ultimate meaning. Items are rated on a Likert scale, typically ranging from "not at all" to "a great deal," indicating the degree of struggle experienced. Exline et al. (2014) demonstrated strong internal consistency across subscales (α \> .80) and solid construct validity in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Sample items include, "I felt angry at God," "I struggled with feeling rejected or unloved by my religious community," and "I questioned whether my life really matters."

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Attachment to God Scale

  The Attachment to God Scale (AGS) assesses individual differences in the quality of one's relationship with God, conceptualized through the lens of attachment theory. The scale consists of 9 items measuring two core dimensions: Anxiety (e.g., fear of abandonment by God) and Avoidance (e.g., discomfort with closeness to God). Participants rate each item on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Higher scores on each subscale indicate greater attachment-related insecurity in the corresponding domain. Rowatt and Kirkpatrick (2002) demonstrated high internal consistency (α \> .85) for both subscales and strong construct validity, including associations with religious coping, mental health, and interpersonal relationships.

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

• Self-Compassion Scale

  The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26 question self-report scale designed to measure kindness and understanding toward oneself in instances of pain or failure (Neff, 2003). It has six factors including self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification. The internal consistency was α = .92. A non-significant correlation of r = .05 (p = .34) was found between the SCS and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale. The SCS was also found to have good construct and discriminant validity as well as test-retest reliability (r = .93).

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

Secondary Outcomes (13)

• Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality

  Baseline

• Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale

  Baseline

• Qualitative Characteristics of the Experience

  Immediately following the in-person guided invocation for mystical experience session.

• Mysticism Scale

  Immediately following the in-person guided invocation for mystical experience session

• Daily Spiritual Experience Scale

  Baseline

Other Outcomes (2)

• Acceptability questions

  Immediately after the in-person guided invocation for a mystical experience session

• Self-identified spirituality

  Baseline, 1 month, and 2 months post-intervention

Study Arms (2)

Structured Christian Integration

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to the structured Christian integration condition will engage in a 4-week, integration program designed to facilitate reflection on and incorporation of their peak spiritual experience into their existing religious framework. The intervention includes four modules with psychoeducational materials, structured activities grounded in Christian teachings, and weekly phone calls with the interventionist. Participants will use a toolkit with weekly writing prompts and recorded audio sessions (14-22 minutes) focused on themes such as revisiting and reflection, awareness and nature, love and connection, and transformation. Participants will engage with materials regularly (e.g., audio sessions at least four times per week) and submit written responses at the end of each module. The program is standardized and designed to support ongoing cognitive and emotional processing and integration into daily life and religious practice.

Behavioral: Guided Invocation for Mystical Experience

Structured Control Integration

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants assigned to the structured control integration condition will engage in a 4-week, self-guided program designed to match the structure, duration, and level of engagement of the Christian integration condition. The intervention includes four modules with psychoeducational materials, structured poetry analysis without religious or spiritual content, and weekly phone calls with the interventionist. Participants will use a toolkit with weekly writing prompts and audio sessions focused on various analyses (e.g., content, structure, imagery, symbolism) of poetry. Participants will engage with materials regularly (e.g., audio sessions at least four times per week) and submit written responses at the end of each module. The program is standardized and designed as a structurally equivalent control condition and no specific benefit is anticipated.

Behavioral: Guided Invocation for Mystical Experience

Interventions

Guided Invocation for Mystical Experience BEHAVIORAL

Participants will complete a single, in-person Guided Invocation for Mystical Experience (GIME) session conducted by a trained practitioner using a standardized protocol. The session includes an initial briefing and rapport-building period, followed by a structured breathing exercise (approximately 8 minutes) designed to facilitate a non-ordinary state of consciousness. Participants then receive guided imagery and verbal suggestions intended to promote relaxation, absorption, and experiential openness. The practitioner delivers a standardized script targeting features commonly associated with mystical-type experiences (e.g., unity, positive affect, and altered perception of time and space). The session includes a brief period of silent introspection, followed by re-alerting procedures. The total session duration is approximately 60 minutes.

Structured Christian Integration; Structured Control Integration

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• age 18 years or older;
• active Christian faith;
• willing to experience hypnosis;
• English-speaking; able to complete one in-person session and 1- and 2-month follow-up assessments.

You may not qualify if:

• prior psychedelic use;
• severe mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, borderline personality disorder);
• unwillingness to experience hypnosis;
• inability to complete study procedures

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Baylor University: lead
• Templeton World Charity Foundation: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Mind-Body Medicine Research Laboratory

Waco, Texas, 76112, United States

Location

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Study Officials

• Gary Elkins, PhD

  Baylor University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Gary Elkins, PhD

CONTACT

254-913-3026; gary_elkins@baylor.edu

Cameron Alldredge, PhD

CONTACT

254-265-8893; cameron_alldredge@baylor.edu

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 7, 2026
• First Posted: May 13, 2026
• Study Start: April 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): April 30, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2027
• Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Locations

US (1)