Validity and Reliability of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) in Turkish

NCT07562906 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: 2026/45
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 46
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of this research is to adapt the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish and to evaluate its suitability for the Turkish elderly population through validity and reliability analyses. After the cultural adaptation process is completed, the construct validity of the scale will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; its reliability will be assessed through internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability over time (ICC). Accordingly, the study aims to provide a valid and reliable assessment tool for clinicians and researchers who wish to evaluate individual experiences in exergaming-based interventions.

Conditions

Geriatric; Elderly

Keywords

exercise; exercise enjoyment; geriatrics; validation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ)

  The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is a self-report, multidimensional measurement tool developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in exercise-based digital games (Fitzgerald et al.). The scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the structural characteristics of the digital game and the experience related to physical activity (Fitzgerald et al.). The original form of the EEQ consists of a total of 20 items, adapted from scales such as the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), Immersive Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), which have previously proven their validity and reliability (Fitzgerald et al.). Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scale items are structured in four sub-dimensions: Immersion, Intrinsically Rewarding Activity, User Control, and Exercise Experience. O

  2 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES)

  1 weeks

Study Arms (1)

Geriartric Indivıduals

The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir.

Other: Validity and reliability assessments

Interventions

Validity and reliability assessments OTHER

The adaptation process of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish will be carried out following the forward-backward translation method proposed by Beaton et al. (2000), which has international validity. In this context, the scale will first be translated from English to Turkish by two independent translators, one a healthcare specialist and the other a professional language expert. These two translations will then be compared to create a common preliminary text; subsequently, this text will be translated back into English by two independent translators whose native language is English and who are familiar with the conceptual content, and any loss of meaning will be evaluated. The resulting Turkish draft will be reviewed by an expert panel for cultural appropriateness, linguistic clarity, and conceptual equivalent; necessary adjustments will be made. Finally, the scale will be piloted on 10 elderly individuals selected from the target population, and feedback on the com

Geriartric Indivıduals

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir. Accordingly, the sample group will be comprised of volunteer elderly individuals who meet the specified inclusion criteria, have a cognitive capacity suitable for data collection, and have experience with the exergaming applications included in the study protocol.

You may qualify if:

• Being 65 years of age or older
• Having participated in an exergaming application at least once before
• Not having a physical, sensory or cognitive disability that would prevent participation in the exergaming application
• Agreeing to participate voluntarily and providing informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals with active neurological, vestibular, or psychiatric disorders
• Individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE \< 24 and/or MoCA \< 21)
• Individuals with severe hearing or vision loss
• Individuals who are physically unable to participate in exergaming due to cardiopulmonary or orthopedic reasons
• Individuals with no prior exergaming experience
• Individuals who experience significant communication difficulties
• Participants who do not sign the voluntary consent form

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa: lead

Study Sites (1)

Balıkesir Üniversitesi

Balıkesir, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.976300

  RESULT

• Fitzgerald, A., Huang, S., Sposato, K., Wang, D., Claypool, M., & Agu, E. (2020). The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ): An instrument for measuring exergame enjoyment. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).

  RESULT

Related Links

• LİNK
• LİNK

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Central Study Contacts

GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c)

CONTACT

0552 022 76 32; gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Target Duration: 2 Weeks
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer, PhD(c)

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 25, 2026
• First Posted: May 1, 2026
• Study Start: April 30, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 15, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 30, 2026
• Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)