NCT07552688

Brief Summary

This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of high-calorie diets and specialized nutritional formulas on weight gain and clinical outcomes in underweight children aged 1 to 5 years with congenital heart disease (CHD). Children with CHD often experience growth failure due to increased energy needs and feeding difficulties, which can negatively impact their recovery, development, and overall health. Seventy-five children will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group receiving a standard diet, a group receiving a high-calorie diet made from energy-dense foods, and a third group receiving both the high-calorie diet and a specialized high-calorie pediatric formula. The study will measure changes in weight, appetite, feeding tolerance, and other growth indicators over an 8-week period. The goal is to determine whether enhanced nutritional support can improve weight gain and health outcomes in this high-risk population.

Trial Health

63
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Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
75

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
1mo left

Started Apr 2026

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
not yet recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress46%
Apr 2026Jun 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 17, 2026

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 17, 2026

Completed
10 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 27, 2026

Completed
1 month until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 1, 2026

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2026

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

April 17, 2026

Last Update Submit

April 24, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

BMINutritional StatusGrowth and DevelopmentPediatric Nursing

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Mean weight gain (kg) from baseline to 8 weeks

    Average change in body weight (in kilograms) from baseline (start of the study) to the end of the 8-week intervention period, measured using standardized calibrated scales.

    From baseline (week 0) to week 8 after the start of the dietary intervention.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Parental Knowledge Improvement

    Measured at baseline and at week 8.

Study Arms (3)

High-Calorie Diet Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will receive a diet enriched with additional calories through natural, energy-dense foods such as added oils, mashed avocados, and fortified cereals. The diet aims to exceed the child's estimated daily caloric needs to promote weight gain.

Behavioral: education programDietary Supplement: High-Calorie Diet

High-Calorie Diet + Specialized Formula Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will receive the same high-calorie natural diet as Group 2, plus a commercially available specialized pediatric formula designed to meet increased energy and protein requirements in children with congenital heart disease. Formula amounts will be tailored to individual needs and tolerability.

Dietary Supplement: High-Calorie Specialized Nutritional FormulaBehavioral: education program

Control Group - Standard Diet (No Intervention) Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants receive a standard diet appropriate for their age and clinical condition, without any additional calorie enrichment or specialized formulas. This group serves as the baseline for comparison.

Interventions

This intervention involves providing a commercially available pediatric formula specially designed for children with congenital heart disease. The formula is enriched with additional calories and protein to meet the increased metabolic demands of this population. Intake volumes will be tailored to each child's caloric needs and feeding tolerance, with regular monitoring by a pediatric dietitian to ensure adherence and minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

High-Calorie Diet + Specialized Formula Group

This behavioral intervention consists of a structured education program aimed at primary caregivers of children aged 1-5 years with congenital heart disease (CHD) who are underweight. The program's goal is to improve caregivers' knowledge and practices related to child nutrition to promote healthy weight gain and growth. The program includes six weekly sessions (45-60 minutes each) covering topics such as understanding CHD's impact on nutrition, age-appropriate dietary needs, high-calorie feeding strategies using home ingredients, safe use of specialized formulas, practical feeding techniques, and methods for monitoring progress. Teaching methods involve lectures, group discussions, hands-on demonstrations, role-playing, visual aids, and provision of educational materials like meal plans, growth charts, and formula preparation guides. The intervention emphasizes practical skills and ongoing caregiver support to enhance feeding practices and child health outcomes.

Also known as: Nutrition and Feeding Support Program for Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
High-Calorie Diet + Specialized Formula GroupHigh-Calorie Diet Group
High-Calorie DietDIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

This intervention involves educating caregivers of children aged 1-5 years with congenital heart disease (CHD) on implementing a high-calorie diet to promote healthy weight gain and growth. Caregivers are taught how to prepare calorie-dense meals using commonly available home ingredients, including healthy fats, full-fat dairy, powdered milk, and nutrient-rich foods such as eggs, meat, and legumes. The program includes practical guidance on meal enrichment, feeding schedules, safe use of specialized high-calorie formulas, and strategies to manage feeding difficulties. Caregivers receive tools such as recipe cards, sample meal plans, growth monitoring charts, and support through interactive sessions to ensure effective application of the diet.

Also known as: High-Calorie Formula
High-Calorie Diet Group

Eligibility Criteria

Age1 Year - 5 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Children aged 1 to 5 years.
  • Diagnosed with congenital heart disease (confirmed by echocardiography).
  • Underweight (weight-for-age below the 10th percentile).
  • Medically stable and eligible for oral or enteral feeding.
  • Informed consent obtained from a parent.

You may not qualify if:

  • Children with genetic syndromes known to affect growth (e.g., Down syndrome).
  • Children with gastrointestinal conditions impairing nutrient absorption.
  • Children who had cardiac surgery within the last 4 weeks.
  • Presence of severe organ failure (renal, hepatic, etc.).
  • Children on parenteral nutrition.
  • Families unlikely to adhere to follow-up or dietary instructions.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Cardiac center Pediatric Cardiology Unit and Nutrition Clinic

Erbil, 44001, Iraq

Location

Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Center

Erbil, 44001, Iraq

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Weight GainHeart Defects, CongenitalMalnutrition

Interventions

Early Intervention, EducationalNutritional Status

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Body Weight ChangesBody WeightSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsCardiovascular AbnormalitiesCardiovascular DiseasesHeart DiseasesCongenital AbnormalitiesCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and AbnormalitiesNutrition DisordersNutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Child Health ServicesCommunity Health ServicesHealth ServicesHealth Care Facilities Workforce and ServicesPreventive Health ServicesNutritional Physiological PhenomenaDiet, Food, and NutritionPhysiological PhenomenaHealth StatusDemographyPopulation Characteristics

Study Officials

  • aryan najmadin, BSc

    Hawler Medical University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • nazar ramadhan, assist prof

    hawler medical university college of nursing

    STUDY DIRECTOR

Central Study Contacts

aryan najmadin, B.Sc nursing

CONTACT

Dr.nazar Ramadhan, assist prof

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Masking Details
This study is open-label, meaning that both the participants (children and their caregivers) and the researcher are aware of the dietary intervention assigned. Due to the nature of nutritional interventions-different diets and formulas-blinding is not feasible. All outcomes will be assessed objectively to minimize bias.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: articipants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group will receive a different dietary intervention: a standard diet, a high-calorie diet made with natural energy-dense foods, or a high-calorie diet combined with a specialized pediatric formula. All groups will be followed simultaneously over an 8-week period to compare the effects of these interventions on weight gain and clinical outcomes.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Clinical Research Nurse

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 17, 2026

First Posted

April 27, 2026

Study Start

April 17, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Last Updated

April 29, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Currently, the plan for sharing individual participant data (IPD) is under development. Once finalized, the plan will outline which data elements will be shared, such as de-identified participant-level data, relevant metadata, and supporting documentation. Data sharing will be conducted in accordance with ethical standards and applicable regulations to protect participant confidentiality. Access to the data may be granted to qualified researchers upon reasonable request and subject to data use agreements.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL

Locations