NCT07517731

Brief Summary

Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, remain an important public health concern in Colombian communities. Digital health tools such as WhatsApp may provide an opportunity to strengthen preventive behaviors and community engagement in vector control efforts. Therefore, a quasi-experimental implementation study was conducted in two endemic municipalities, Villa del Rosario and Los Patios, in Colombia, to evaluate a WhatsApp-based digital health strategy designed to support the prevention and control of Aedes-borne diseases and to promote the application of a protective coating (PC) in laundry tanks, one of the main breeding sites of Aedes mosquitoes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Whether a WhatsApp-based digital health intervention, added to community-based strategies, can improve household preventive practices against Aedes-borne diseases, compared with community strategies alone or routine vector control activities. Whether the combined use of WhatsApp messaging and community-based promotion of protective coating in laundry tanks can reduce Aedes entomological indices, compared with clusters not receiving the full intervention. Whether the intervention is feasible and acceptable for households and community participants in endemic urban settings. The study was conducted in three geographically separated clusters of approximately 3,000 - 3,500 households each. Cluster 1 received community strategies plus WhatsApp messaging, cluster 2 received community strategies only, and cluster 3 served as the control group. Protective coating was applied in clusters 1 and 2. The study included three phases: a pre-intervention baseline assessment, an intervention phase with interim assessment, and a post-intervention final evaluation and follow-up. Household surveys and entomological inspections were conducted to assess preventive practices, vector indices, and acceptance of the intervention.

Trial Health

90
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
900

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2026

Geographic Reach
2 countries

2 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 26, 2026

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 26, 2026

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 26, 2026

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 27, 2026

Completed
12 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 8, 2026

Completed
Last Updated

April 8, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

Same day

First QC Date

March 27, 2026

Last Update Submit

April 3, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Digital healthmHealthWhatsAppDisease preventionCommunity involvementBehaviour changeColombia

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Change in household preventive practices for Aedes-borne disease prevention

    Change from baseline to post-intervention in the proportion of households reporting certain preventive practices, such as weekly cleaning of laundry tanks, management of small water containers, and covering water containers.

    Baseline and 9 months after intervention initiation (final evaluation).

Secondary Outcomes (9)

  • Change in House Index

    Baseline, 4 months after protective coating application, and 9 months after intervention initiation.

  • Change in Container Index

    Baseline, 4 months after protective coating application, and 9 months after intervention initiation.

  • Change in Breteau Index

    Baseline, 4 months after protective coating application, and 9 months after intervention initiation.

  • Change in Pupae per Person Index

    Baseline, 4 months after protective coating application, and 9 months after intervention initiation.

  • Acceptability score in terms of perceived usefulness of the WhatsApp-based mHealth intervention

    4 months after protective coating application and 9 months after intervention initiation.

  • +4 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (3)

Full intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Community strategies plus WhatsApp messaging and protective coating in laundry tanks.

Behavioral: Full intervention

Partial intervention

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Community strategies plus protective coating only.

Behavioral: Partial intervention

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Routine vector control activities.

Interventions

Participants received WhatsApp messages in Spanish to promote prevention and control of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya and to support uptake of the PC intervention. Messages included health education, health promotion, behavior reinforcement, and reminders on cleaning water containers and preparing laundry tanks before coating application. Messages were brief, delivered through the WhatsApp broadcast function, and additional voice messages were provided when clarification was needed. This intervention was intended for health promotion only and not for medical care.

Full intervention

Community-based promotion activities were conducted by trained community volunteers and supported by vector control staff. These activities included household visits, direct instructions on how to prepare laundry tanks for coating application, distribution of flyers and stickers, and local announcements to inform households about the intervention.

Partial intervention

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Households/participants resided within one of the study clusters.
  • The household had a laundry tank.
  • One adult household member (household head or another adult resident) was available to participate and provide informed consent.
  • For participation in the WhatsApp component, the participant owned a smartphone with WhatsApp installed and was able to read and respond to simple WhatsApp messages.

You may not qualify if:

  • Uninhabited households.
  • Households without a laundry tank.
  • Households already using biological vector control methods in the laundry tank, particularly larvivorous fish.
  • For the WhatsApp component, households or users without access to a smartphone or without WhatsApp installed.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Instituto Departamental de Salud de Norte de Santander

Cúcuta, Norte de Satander, 540001, Colombia

Location

Centre for Medicine and Society

Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Wurttemberg, 79098, Germany

Location

Related Publications (4)

  • Cardenas R, Cabrera OL, Carrillo MA, Pineda A, Ahumada ML, Yanez Y, Ismail H, Paine M, Rivera T, Kroeger A. Aedes aegypti control in breeding sites through an insecticidal coating with dual effect: Laboratory trials and safety assessment. Med Vet Entomol. 2025 Jun;39(2):252-265. doi: 10.1111/mve.12776. Epub 2024 Nov 14.

  • Carrillo MA, Gessler AM, Rivera Ramirez T, Cardenas Sanchez R, Lindenmeier J, Kern WV, Kroeger A. WhatsApp-based intervention in urban Colombia to support the prevention of arboviral diseases: a feasibility study. Pathog Glob Health. 2024 Jun;118(4):334-347. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2358263. Epub 2024 May 24.

  • Carrillo MA, Cardenas R, Yanez J, Petzold M, Kroeger A. Risk of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission in the metropolitan area of Cucuta, Colombia: cross-sectional analysis, baseline for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a novel vector tool for water containers. BMC Public Health. 2023 May 30;23(1):1000. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15893-4.

  • Carrillo MA, Kroeger A, Cardenas Sanchez R, Diaz Monsalve S, Runge-Ranzinger S. The use of mobile phones for the prevention and control of arboviral diseases: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jan 9;21(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-10126-4.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

DengueZika Virus InfectionChikungunya FeverMosquito-Borne Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Vector Borne DiseasesInfectionsArbovirus InfectionsVirus DiseasesFlavivirus InfectionsFlaviviridae InfectionsRNA Virus InfectionsHemorrhagic Fevers, ViralAlphavirus InfectionsTogaviridae Infections

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: A quasi-experimental study with three geographically separated clusters was conducted in the metropolitan area of Cúcuta, Colombia. The clusters received full intervention, partial intervention, or routine vector control activities. Each cluster included approximately 3,000 households.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 27, 2026

First Posted

April 8, 2026

Study Start

March 26, 2026

Primary Completion

March 26, 2026

Study Completion

March 26, 2026

Last Updated

April 8, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

De-identified household-level data generated during this study may be shared partially through publications and supplementary materials, and additional data may be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Because the unit of analysis was the household, no direct personal identifiers, including names, phone numbers, addresses, or WhatsApp contact information, will be shared. Shared data may include household survey variables, preventive practices, acceptability measures, and entomological indicators used in the analyses.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
Time Frame
Up to 12 months after publication.
Access Criteria
Access will be limited to de-identified household-level data and will be granted only for research purposes, upon reasonable request to the corresponding author and in accordance with the informed consent provided by participants and the ethical approvals of the study. No directly identifiable participant, household, or WhatsApp contact information will be released.

Locations