Effects of Cervical Sensorimotor Training With Pilates Reformer on Balance and Cervical Joint Position Sense

NCT07483892 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: ewha-202108-CSP-balanceIRB: ewha-202108-0034-01
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study investigates the effects of Pilates reformer exercise combined with cervical sensorimotor training using laser-guided visual feedback on balance performance. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a combined training group, a Pilates-only group, and a control group. Static and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the intervention. This study was registered retrospectively on ClinicalTrials.gov after participant enrollment had begun. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained prior to participant enrollment.

Conditions

Focus of Study is Effects of Neuromuscular Training; Postural Balance; Pilates

Keywords

cervical joint position sense; sensorimotor training; Pilates exercise; visual feedback; balance

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Title: Dynamic balance - COP medio-lateral excursion rate(COP ML Rate) during gait stance phase

  Dynamic postural control assessed as the COP medio-lateral rate during gait (COP medio-lateral distance (mm)/foot width (mm)x100); higher percentages indicate greater COP curvature, reflecting a more normal foot rollover pattern. Unit of Measure: percent (%)

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Dynamic balance - COP Sway Rate during gait stance phase

  Dynamic postural control assessed as COP Sway Rate during gait (Net Sway Length/COP Path Length × 100); values closer to 0% indicate better dynamic balance. Unit of Measure: percent (%)

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Dynamic balance - Y-Balance Test (YBT) composite score

  Dynamic balance assessed using Y-Balance Test score (% of limb length); higher values indicate better dynamic balance. Unit of Measure: percent (%)

  Baseline and 12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Title: Static balance - COP Sway Distance during quiet standing

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Static balance - COP ellipse area during quiet standing

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Cervical Joint Position Sense(CJPS) - Accuracy

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Cervical Joint Position Sense(CJPS) - Precision

  Baseline and 12 weeks

Other Outcomes (2)

• Static posture balance - plantar pressure distribution across foot quadrants

  Baseline and 12 weeks

• Rearfoot alignment - resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP)

  Baseline and 12 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Cervical Sensorimotor Training with Pilates Reformer Exercise

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants performed Pilates reformer exercise combined with cervical sensorimotor training using laser-guided visual feedback.

Behavioral: Cervical Sensorimotor Training; Behavioral: Pilates Reformer Exercise

Pilates-only Exercise Group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants performed a Pilates reformer exercise program without cervical sensorimotor training.

Behavioral: Pilates Reformer Exercise

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants had no intervention

Interventions

Cervical Sensorimotor Training BEHAVIORAL

Laser-guided cervical sensorimotor training designed to improve cervical joint position sense. Training included head repositioning tasks with visual feedback under progressively challenging postural conditions involving different base-of-support and surface stability levels.

Also known as: laser-guided visual-vestibular-cervical sensorimotor training

Cervical Sensorimotor Training with Pilates Reformer Exercise

Pilates Reformer Exercise BEHAVIORAL

Pilates Reformer-based exercise focusing on trunk stabilization, postural alignment, controlled balance using spring-based resistance and different base-of-support.

Cervical Sensorimotor Training with Pilates Reformer Exercise; Pilates-only Exercise Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 30 Years - 49 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Only female adults were included to reduce sex-related variability in balance and cervical proprioception measurements.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Female adults aged 30-49 years
• Individuals who use a computer for ≥6 hours per day
• Individuals who have experienced musculoskeletal pain and discomfort (neck, shoulder, or lower back) within the past year
• Individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study
• Individuals able to participate in exercise training

You may not qualify if:

• History of musculoskeletal or neurological surgery within the past 6 months
• Individuals diagnosed with severe fractures or neurological disorders requiring surgical treatment
• Any severe condition affecting balance or gait

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Ewha Womans University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Ewha Womans University

Seoul, 03760, South Korea

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Zarei, H., Norasteh, A. A., Rahmanpournashrudkoli, A. and Hajihoseini, E. (2020). The effects of Pilates training on static and dynamic balance of female deaf students: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 24, 63-69.

  BACKGROUND

• Wannaprom, N., Treleaven, J., Jull, G. and Uthaikhup, S. (2018). Neck muscle vibration produces diverse responses in balance and gait speed between individuals with and without neck pain. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 35, 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.02.001

  BACKGROUND

• Treleaven, J. (2017). Dizziness, unsteadiness, visual disturbances, and sensorimotor control in traumatic neck pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 47, 492-502. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2017.7052

  BACKGROUND

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: This was an open-label study. Blinding was not feasible due to the nature of the exercise intervention.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Pilates exercise combined with sensory integration training, (2) Pilates exercise only, or (3) a control group with no exercise intervention. The intervention were conducted for a specified period, and gait parameters were measured as outcome variables to evaluate the effects of the interventions on gait characteristics.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 11, 2026
• First Posted: March 19, 2026
• Study Start: September 1, 2021
• Primary Completion: November 30, 2021
• Study Completion: December 10, 2021
• Last Updated: March 19, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

KR (1)